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基于三维分析框架的我国中医药应急管理政策文本分析
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鲜国炜 ,赵 航 ,宫云娜 ,何文凤 ,张晓林 ,马春晓 ,张 晶 ,马 勇 (1.山东第二医科大学管理学院,山
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东 潍坊 261053;2.重庆医科大学公共卫生学院,重庆 400016)
中图分类号 R2-03;R95 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2024)09-1039-05
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2024.09.03
摘 要 目的 剖析我国中医药应急管理政策文本,揭示我国中医药应急管理政策的特点、问题和改进方向,为提高中医药应急管
理水平提供参考和借鉴。方法 运用 Nvivo11 软件对 2016-2023 年中央层面发布的 24 份中医药应急管理政策文本进行编码分
析,构建基于政策工具、利益相关者和政策力度的三维分析框架。结果 政策工具维度中,环境型最多(46.74%)、供给型次之
(31.80%)、需求型最少(21.46%);利益相关者维度中,医疗机构(40.63%)和政府部门(31.25%)较多,医务人员(14.84%)和居民
(13.28%)较少;政策力度维度中,政策力度整体偏弱,各政策工具和利益相关者的效力差异较为显著。交叉分析结果显示,政策工
具、利益相关者和政策力度存在一定程度的不匹配。结论 中医药应急管理的供给型政策工具使用略有欠缺,应统筹优化政策工
具使用;利益相关者分布较不均衡,应增强利益相关者的协同性;政策力度整体偏弱,应完善相关政策的顶层设计。
关键词 中医药政策;应急管理;政策工具;利益相关者
Textual analysis of China’s traditional Chinese medicine emergency management policy based on three-
dimensional analysis framework
XIAN Guowei ,ZHAO Hang ,GONG Yunna ,HE Wenfeng ,ZHANG Xiaolin ,MA Chunxiao ,ZHANG Jing ,
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MA Yong (1. School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Shandong Weifang 261053,
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China;2. School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) emergency management policy texts in China,
reveal the characteristics, problems and improvement directions of Chinese medicine emergency management policies in China, and
provide references and lessons for improving the level of Chinese medicine emergency management. METHODS Twenty-four TCM
emergency management policy texts issued at the central level from 2016 to 2023 were coded and analyzed using Nvivo11 software
to construct a three-dimensional analysis framework based on policy tools, stakeholders and policy strength. RESULTS In the
policy tools dimension, the environmental type was the most (46.74%), the supply type was the second (31.80%), and the
demand type was the least (21.46%); in the stakeholder dimension, there were more healthcare institutions (40.63%) and
government departments (31.25%), and fewer healthcare workers (14.84%) and residents (13.28%); in the policy strength
dimension, the overall policy strength was poor, and the differences in effectiveness across policy instruments and stakeholders
were more significant. The cross-cutting results showed that there was a certain degree of mismatch in policy instruments, stakeholders
and policy strength. CONCLUSIONS The use of supply-oriented policy tools is slightly lacking, and the use of policy tools should
be optimized in a coordinated manner; the distribution of stakeholders is relatively unbalanced, and synergies among stakeholders
should be enhanced; the overall strength of policies is poor, and the top-level design of relevant policies should be improved.
KEYWORDS traditional Chinese medicine policy; emergency management; policy tools; stakeholder
2016年《中医药法》的颁布和实施,为我国中医药发 处置的相关管理活动,对维护人民群众的健康和生命安
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展提供了法律制度的保障,我国中医药事业迈向新的时 全具有重要意义 。然而,由于受到相关政策不完善、资
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代 。与此同时,突发公共卫生事件的频发对我国中医 金投入不足、专业人才匮乏、缺乏技术创新支撑等诸多
药应急管理提出了新的挑战和要求。中医药应急管理 方面的影响,我国中医药应急管理发展还较为薄弱 。
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是指中医药参与传染病防治和突发公共卫生事件应急 回顾既往研究发现,诸多学者多聚焦于中医药产业
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Δ 基金项目 国家社会科学基金项目(No.20CFX017);教育部人文 发展与政策 、健康服务 、传承创新 等视角,鲜有中医
社会科学基金项目(No.21YJC820050);四川医事卫生法治研究中心- 药应急管理的政策内容。中医药应急管理政策通过政
中国卫生法学会2023年度联合项目(No.YF23-Y07) 策工具的运用,建立规范管理、监督评估、资源整合、信
*第一作者 硕士研究生。研究方向:卫生政策与卫生管理。
息共享、风险防控等机制,提高中医药应急管理的水平
E-mail:xgw20220955@163.com
和能力,保障公众健康安全,促进中医药事业的高质量
# 通信作者 副教授,硕士生导师,博士。研究方向:卫生政策与卫
生法学。E-mail:recht1224@126.com 发展,具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。基于此,本文
中国药房 2024年第35卷第9期 China Pharmacy 2024 Vol. 35 No. 9 · 1039 ·