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我国基本医疗保险定点零售药店改革政策的量化分析
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许洪皓 ,刘若颖,那 昕,谢荣柏,褚淑贞(中国药科大学国际医药商学院,南京 211198)
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中图分类号 R95 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2024)06-0647-06
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2024.06.02
摘 要 目的 梳理我国基本医疗保险定点零售药店(简称“定点零售药店”)改革政策,为门诊共济背景下该政策的完善提供参
考。方法 收集1998年12月至2023年6月来自国务院部委及其直属机构颁布的定点零售药店政策文本,采用内容分析法与社会
网络分析法,构建基于政策主体、政策工具与政策过程的三维分析框架,对定点零售药店改革政策进行量化分析。结果与结论 定
点零售药店改革政策可大致分为萌芽起步、探索发展以及深化推进3个阶段。政策工具的使用以环境型工具为主,政策主体合作
网络呈现“头-身-尾”链式结构。随着政策改革的推进,政策主体数量呈先下降后增长的趋势,政策发文数量呈现上升趋势,更强
调药师体系建设、处方流转、医保支付以及“双通道”“门诊统筹”管理等工具的使用。建议在政策制定上,各政策主体应坚持顶层
设计,重视不同发展阶段的特点,因地、因时调整政策工具的使用;并应加强部门间的合作交流,提高政策制定效率,实现政策协
同,不断完善定点零售药店政策。
关键词 定点零售药店;政策主体;政策工具;政策过程;量化分析
Quantitative analysis for reform policies of basic medical insurance designated retail pharmacies in China
XU Honghao,LIU Ruoying,NA Xin,XIE Rongbai,CHU Shuzhen(School of International Pharmaceutical
Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To sort out reform policy for basic medical insurance designated retail pharmacy (referred to as
designated retail pharmacy) in China, and to provide reference for the improvement of the policy under the new situation of mutual-
aid mechanism for covering outpatient bills. METHODS The policy texts on designated retail pharmacies issued by ministries and
commissions of the State Council and departments directly under the State Council were collected from December 1998 to June
2023. The content analysis and social network analysis were adopted to construct a three-dimensional analytical framework based on
the policy subject, the policy tool, and the policy process, in order to quantitatively analyze the policies on reforming designated
retail pharmacies. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS The reform policy of designated retail pharmacies can be roughly divided into
three stages: germination, exploration and development, and in-depth promotion. The use of policy tools is dominated by
environment-oriented tools, and the cooperation network of policy subjects presents a “head-body-tail” chain structure. With the
advancement of policy reforms, the number of policy subjects showed a trend of decline followed by growth, the number of policy
documents showed an upward trend, emphasizing the use of tools such as the construction of the pharmacist system, the flow of
prescriptions, the payment of medical insurance, and the management of “dual-channels” and “outpatient co-ordination”. It is
suggested that in terms of policy formulation, all policy subjects should adhere to top-level design, grasp the characteristics of the
stage of policy development, and adjust the use of policy tools according to local and timely conditions; we should also strengthen
cooperation and communication, improve policy formulation efficiency, achieve policy coordination, and continuously improve
policies for designated retail pharmacies.
KEYWORDS designated retail pharmacy; policy subjects; policy tools; policy processes; quantitative analysis
零售药店作为最基础的医疗服务单元,具有分布广 的通知》,这标志着门诊共济背景下定点零售药店的门
泛、便利性强等特点,在很大程度上补充了医院等医疗 诊统筹管理进入改革实践阶段,定点零售药店相关政策
机构的服务内容。基本医疗保险定点零售药店(以下简 亟待梳理以明晰政策未来发展的方向。
称“定点零售药店”)更是在促进国家医保谈判药品落 目前学术界对定点零售药店的研究主要集中在零
地、实现个人账户门诊共济等医疗保障体系改革实践中 售药店的选址与配置公平性规划 [1―3] 、药事服务能力与
发挥着重要作用。2023年2月,国家医疗保障局办公室 管理体系分析 [4―7] ,以及定点零售药店相关管理模式的
发布《关于进一步做好定点零售药店纳入门诊统筹管理 对比分析 [8―9] ,缺乏对定点零售药店政策变革的整体性
分析,无法深入剖析政策演化逻辑,清晰把握政策发展
Δ 基金项目 南京市医疗保险研究会课题(No.NJYB2023JC006) 脉络。为此,本文拟从政策主体、政策工具与政策过程3
*第一作者 硕士研究生。研究方向:医药政策与创新。E-mail:
个维度,构建我国定点零售药店的政策文本量化分析框
xhhcpu13347832309@126.com
# 通信作者 教授,硕士生导师。研究方向:医药政策与创新。 架,从整体上分析我国定点零售药店政策演化逻辑,总
E-mail:1019941160@cpu.edu.cn 结零售药店相关政策的发展特点,以期为门诊共济背景
中国药房 2024年第35卷第6期 China Pharmacy 2024 Vol. 35 No. 6 · 647 ·