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风 险 高 于 C 等 位 基 因 组 ,这 更 加 肯 定 了 本 研 究 以 regulation of de novo nucleotide biosynthetic pathway en‐
rs1801133 位点预测该不良反应的重要性,同时也提示 zymes in cancer and targeting opportunities[J]. Cancer
仅依靠降低给药剂量不能完全避免不良反应的发生,需 Lett,2020,470:134-140.
[16]
要提前预警并结合其他治疗手段进行干预 。此外,大 [ 6 ] HURKMANS E G E, BRAND A C A M,
部分的研究认为 MTX 的 24 h 血药浓度>10 μmol/L 代 VERDONSCHOT J A J,et al. Pharmacogenetics of che‐
motherapy treatment response and-toxicities in patients
表该药发生了排泄延迟,可能导致更高的毒副作用风
[9]
险 ;而本研究结果显示,当 MTX 的 24 h 血药浓度在 10 with osteosarcoma:a systematic review[J]. BMC Cancer,
2022,22(1):1326.
μmol/L 以下时可能就已经发生了不良反应,根据“2.5”
[ 7 ] XIE L,GUO W,YANG Y,et al. More severe toxicity of
项下所得阈值可以提前预警、及早干预,以避免不良反 genetic polymorphisms on MTHFR activity in osteosar‐
应发生。一般而言,含 MTX 的化疗方案需进行多个周 coma patients treated with high-dose methotrexate[J]. On‐
期,而不同化疗周期中的不良反应发生率存在差异 , cotarget,2018,9(14):11465-11476.
[17]
患者首次接触化疗药物时的反应更能体现不良反应的 [ 8 ] NAKARMI S,PUDASAINI K,ADHIKARI B,et al. Ad‐
影响因素,因此本研究选择了首次化疗后的不良反应作 verse events profile of low-dose methotrexate in Nepalese
为评价依据。 patients with rheumatoid arthritis:an observational study
本研究也有一定的局限性:首先,纳入的骨肉瘤患 [J]. J Nepal Health Res Counc,2020,18(3):360-365.
者样本量有限,下一步可以继续收集更多的临床研究样 [ 9 ] RAMSEY L B,BALIS F M,O'BRIEN M M,et al. Con‐
本进行统计分析;其次,由于与MTX不良反应相关的基 sensus guideline for use of glucarpidase in patients with
因多态性位点存在争议,本研究纳入的基因多态性位点 high-dose methotrexate induced acute kidney injury and
delayed methotrexate clearance[J]. Oncologist,2018,23
较少,下一步可以根据最新的研究成果纳入更多的基因
(1):52-61.
多态性指标。 [10] XIANG Z,LIU Y L,XING X Q,et al. Genotyping of al‐
综上所述,首次应用HD-MTX并且携带T等位基因
cohol dehydrogenase gene by pyrosequencing coupled
的患者,其血液学毒性风险较高;适当地调整 HD-MTX
with improved LATE-PCR using human whole blood as
首次给药剂量不会影响该药 0 h 和 24 h 的血药浓度; starting material:advances and clinical practice in pyrose‐
rs1801133 位点的基因多态性与该药的血液学毒性相 quencing[M]. New York:Humana Press,2016:381-389.
关,24 h 血药浓度与该药的肝、肾毒性相关。本研究提 [11] XU M,WU S S,WANG Y,et al. Association between
供了一个骨肉瘤患者首次应用 HD-MTX 时可预测及减 high-dose methotrexate-induced toxicity and polymor‐
少不良反应的解决方案:首先,结合rs1801133位点基因 phisms within methotrexate pathway genes in acute lym‐
型和患者的身高、体重、年龄、性别、临床表现制定给药 phoblastic leukemia[J]. Front Pharmacol,2022,13:
方案;其次,通过rs1801133位点基因型可提前预测患者 1003812.
发生血液学毒性的风险,在T等位基因携带者服药前及 [12] SOLOMON D H,GLYNN R J,KARLSON E W,et al.
Adverse effects of low-dose methotrexate:a randomized
早进行剂量调整,用药后及时进行血象监测和解救干
trial[J]. Ann Intern Med,2020,172(6):369-380.
预;最后,由于MTX 24 h的血药浓度大于2.65 μmol/L 时
肝功能损害风险增大,其24 h血药浓度大于7.28 μmol/L [13] GILL J,GORLICK R. Advancing therapy for osteosar‐
coma[J]. Nat Rev Clin Oncol,2021,18(10):609-624.
时肾功能损害风险增大,因此可采用24 h血药浓度监测
[14] LILIENTHAL I,HEROLD N. Targeting molecular mecha‐
数据预测MTX的肝、肾功能损害发生风险。 nisms underlying treatment efficacy and resistance in os‐
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中国药房 2024年第35卷第1期 China Pharmacy 2024 Vol. 35 No. 1 · 83 ·