Page 93 - 《中国药房》2024年1期
P. 93

风 险 高 于 C 等 位 基 因 组 ,这 更 加 肯 定 了 本 研 究 以                regulation of de novo nucleotide biosynthetic pathway en‐
          rs1801133 位点预测该不良反应的重要性,同时也提示                           zymes  in  cancer  and  targeting  opportunities[J].  Cancer
          仅依靠降低给药剂量不能完全避免不良反应的发生,需                                Lett,2020,470:134-140.
                                              [16]
          要提前预警并结合其他治疗手段进行干预 。此外,大                           [ 6 ]  HURKMANS  E  G  E, BRAND  A  C  A  M,
          部分的研究认为 MTX 的 24 h 血药浓度>10 μmol/L 代                     VERDONSCHOT J A J,et al. Pharmacogenetics of che‐
                                                                  motherapy  treatment  response  and-toxicities  in  patients
          表该药发生了排泄延迟,可能导致更高的毒副作用风
            [9]
          险 ;而本研究结果显示,当 MTX 的 24 h 血药浓度在 10                       with osteosarcoma:a systematic review[J]. BMC Cancer,
                                                                  2022,22(1):1326.
          μmol/L 以下时可能就已经发生了不良反应,根据“2.5”
                                                             [ 7 ]  XIE L,GUO W,YANG Y,et al. More severe toxicity of
          项下所得阈值可以提前预警、及早干预,以避免不良反                                genetic  polymorphisms  on  MTHFR  activity  in  osteosar‐
          应发生。一般而言,含 MTX 的化疗方案需进行多个周                              coma patients treated with high-dose methotrexate[J]. On‐
          期,而不同化疗周期中的不良反应发生率存在差异 ,                                cotarget,2018,9(14):11465-11476.
                                                      [17]
          患者首次接触化疗药物时的反应更能体现不良反应的                            [ 8 ]  NAKARMI S,PUDASAINI K,ADHIKARI B,et al. Ad‐
          影响因素,因此本研究选择了首次化疗后的不良反应作                                verse events profile of low-dose methotrexate in Nepalese
          为评价依据。                                                  patients with rheumatoid arthritis:an observational study
              本研究也有一定的局限性:首先,纳入的骨肉瘤患                              [J]. J Nepal Health Res Counc,2020,18(3):360-365.
          者样本量有限,下一步可以继续收集更多的临床研究样                           [ 9 ]  RAMSEY L B,BALIS F M,O'BRIEN M M,et al. Con‐
          本进行统计分析;其次,由于与MTX不良反应相关的基                               sensus  guideline  for  use  of  glucarpidase  in  patients  with
          因多态性位点存在争议,本研究纳入的基因多态性位点                                high-dose  methotrexate  induced  acute  kidney  injury  and
                                                                  delayed  methotrexate  clearance[J].  Oncologist,2018,23
          较少,下一步可以根据最新的研究成果纳入更多的基因
                                                                 (1):52-61.
          多态性指标。                                             [10]  XIANG Z,LIU Y L,XING X Q,et al. Genotyping of al‐
              综上所述,首次应用HD-MTX并且携带T等位基因
                                                                  cohol  dehydrogenase  gene  by  pyrosequencing  coupled
          的患者,其血液学毒性风险较高;适当地调整 HD-MTX
                                                                  with  improved  LATE-PCR  using  human  whole  blood  as
          首次给药剂量不会影响该药 0 h 和 24 h 的血药浓度;                          starting material:advances and clinical practice in pyrose‐
          rs1801133 位点的基因多态性与该药的血液学毒性相                            quencing[M]. New York:Humana Press,2016:381-389.
          关,24 h 血药浓度与该药的肝、肾毒性相关。本研究提                        [11]  XU  M,WU  S  S,WANG  Y,et  al. Association  between
          供了一个骨肉瘤患者首次应用 HD-MTX 时可预测及减                             high-dose  methotrexate-induced  toxicity  and  polymor‐
          少不良反应的解决方案:首先,结合rs1801133位点基因                           phisms within methotrexate pathway genes in acute lym‐
          型和患者的身高、体重、年龄、性别、临床表现制定给药                               phoblastic  leukemia[J].  Front  Pharmacol,2022,13:
          方案;其次,通过rs1801133位点基因型可提前预测患者                           1003812.
          发生血液学毒性的风险,在T等位基因携带者服药前及                           [12]  SOLOMON  D  H,GLYNN  R  J,KARLSON  E W,et  al.
                                                                  Adverse  effects  of  low-dose  methotrexate:a  randomized
          早进行剂量调整,用药后及时进行血象监测和解救干
                                                                  trial[J]. Ann Intern Med,2020,172(6):369-380.
          预;最后,由于MTX 24 h的血药浓度大于2.65 μmol/L 时
          肝功能损害风险增大,其24 h血药浓度大于7.28 μmol/L                   [13]  GILL  J,GORLICK  R.  Advancing  therapy  for  osteosar‐
                                                                  coma[J]. Nat Rev Clin Oncol,2021,18(10):609-624.
          时肾功能损害风险增大,因此可采用24 h血药浓度监测
                                                             [14]  LILIENTHAL I,HEROLD N. Targeting molecular mecha‐
          数据预测MTX的肝、肾功能损害发生风险。                                    nisms underlying treatment efficacy and resistance in os‐
          参考文献                                                    teosarcoma:a  review  of  current  and  future  strategies[J].
          [ 1 ]  JO V Y,FLETCHER C D M. WHO classification of soft   Int J Mol Sci,2020,21(18):6885.
              tissue tumours:an update based on the 2013 (4th) edition  [15]  RAGHUBEER S,MATSHA T E. Methylenetetrahydrofo‐
              [J]. Pathology,2014,46(2):95-104.                   late (MTHFR),the one-carbon cycle,and cardiovascular
          [ 2 ]  SMRKE A,ANDERSON P M,GULIA A,et al. Future di‐   risks[J]. Nutrients,2021,13(12):4562.
              rections in the treatment of osteosarcoma[J]. Cells,2021,  [16]  ALSDORF W H,KARAGIANNIS P,LANGEBRAKE C,
              10(1):172.                                          et  al.  Standardized  supportive  care  documentation  im‐
          [ 3 ]  ZHANG Y,YANG J Q,ZHAO N,et al. Progress in the   proves safety of high-dose methotrexate treatment[J]. On‐
              chemotherapeutic  treatment  of  osteosarcoma[J].  Oncol   cologist,2021,26(2):e327-e332.
              Lett,2018,16(5):6228-6237.                     [17]  BERNARD  S,HACHON  L,DIASONAMA  J  F,et  al.
          [ 4 ]  ZHANG W C,LIU Z Y,YANG Z M,et al. MTHFR poly‐    Ambulatory high-dose methotrexate administration as cen‐
              morphism is associated with severe methotrexate-induced   tral  nervous  system  prophylaxis  in  patients  with  aggres‐
              toxicity in osteosarcoma treatment[J]. Front Oncol,2021,  sive lymphoma[J]. Ann Hematol,2021,100(4):979-986.
              11:781386.                                                    (收稿日期:2023-06-08  修回日期:2023-12-08)
          [ 5 ]  ROBINSON A  D,EICH  M  L,VARAMBALLY  S.  Dys‐                                    (编辑:胡晓霖)


          中国药房  2024年第35卷第1期                                                  China Pharmacy  2024 Vol. 35  No. 1    · 83 ·
   88   89   90   91   92   93   94   95   96   97   98