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表现出细胞周期蛋白 D-CDK4/6-Rb 通路紊乱,这为                           evidence  and  future  directions[J].  World  J  Clin  Oncol,
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          CDK4/6 抑制剂治疗乳腺癌提供了理论依据 。早期的                             2014,5(5):990-1001.
          PALOMA-1 研究显示,与单用来曲唑相比,哌柏西利联                       [ 5 ]  ALFAKEEH  A,BREZDEN-MASLEY  C.  Overcoming
          合来曲唑可将HR阳性/HER2阴性乳腺癌患者的PFS从                             endocrine  resistance  in  hormone  receptor-positive  breast
                                                                  cancer[J]. Curr Oncol,2018,25(Suppl 1):S18-S27.
          10.2 个月延长至 20.2 个月,中位 OS 从 33.3 个月延长至
                                                             [ 6 ]  BILGIN  B,SENDUR  MAN,ŞENER  DEDE  D,et  al. A
                 [21]
          37.5 个月 。这证明了 CDK4/6 抑制剂联合内分泌药物
                                                                  current  and  comprehensive  review  of  cyclin-dependent
          用于HR阳性/HER2阴性乳腺癌患者的疗效更好。本研
                                                                  kinase  inhibitors  for  the  treatment  of  metastatic  breast
          究结果显示,试验组患者的 PFS、OS、ORR、CBR 均显著
                                                                  cancer[J]. Curr Med Res Opin,2017,33(9):1559-1569.
          优于对照组。
                                                             [ 7 ]  LI J,FU F M,YU L W,et al. Cyclin-dependent kinase 4
              本研究结果还显示,试验组患者≥3 级不良反应发                             and  6  inhibitors  in  hormone  receptor-positive,human
          生率和中性粒细胞减少、白细胞减少、贫血等血液毒性                                epidermal  growth  factor  receptor-2  negative  advanced
          反应发生率以及腹泻、恶心等非血液学不良反应发生率                                breast cancer:a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
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          均显著高于对照组。Onesti等 研究表明,CDK4/6抑制                          [J]. Breast Cancer Res Treat,2020,180(1):21-32.
          剂与高血液毒性反应有关,尤其是中性粒细胞减少。                            [ 8 ]  秦泽敏,易凡,刘满想,等. CDK4/6抑制剂联合内分泌治
          CDK4/6 抑制剂的不良反应以血液毒性反应最为常见,                             疗晚期乳腺癌有效性和安全性的 Meta 分析[J]. 中国循
          其原因可能是该类制剂抑制了CDK4/6,而CDK4/6是造                           证医学杂志,2018,18(4):333-339.
                                [34]
          血前体增殖的关键调节剂 。CDK4/6 抑制剂引起的骨                             QIN Z M,YI F,LIU M X,et al. Efficacy and safety of
                                                                  CDK4/6  inhibitors  combined  with  endocrine  therapy  for
          髓抑制与化疗诱导的骨髓抑制有所不同,化疗诱导骨髓
                                                                  advanced  breast  cancer:a  meta-analysis[J].  Chin  J  Evid
          抑制的机制是引起细胞DNA损伤和导致造血干细胞凋
                                                                  Based Med,2018,18(4):333-339.
          亡;而 CDK4/6 抑制剂则是通过抑制造血干细胞从 G1期
                                                             [ 9 ]  XU B H,ZHANG Q Y,ZHANG P,et al. Dalpiciclib or
          发展至S期,导致细胞周期停滞,从而引起骨髓抑制,如
                                                                  placebo plus fulvestrant in hormone receptor-positive and
          果停用 CDK4/6 抑制剂,骨髓移植可迅速逆转 。除了                            HER2-negative  advanced  breast  cancer:a  randomized,
                                                 [35]
          血液毒性反应外,CDK4/6抑制剂还可能引起腹泻、恶心                             phase 3 trial[J]. Nat Med,2021,27(11):1904-1909.
          等非血液学不良反应。虽然CDK4/6抑制剂的不良反应                         [10]  XU B,ZHANG Q Y,ZHANG P,et al. LBA16 Dalpiciclib
          明显,尤其是血液毒性反应,但目前尚未有因CDK4/6抑                             plus letrozole or anastrozole as first-line treatment for HR /
                                                                                                            +
          制剂不良反应而死亡的病例报道,可见 CDK4/6 抑制剂                            HER2  advanced breast cancer(DAWNA-2):a phase Ⅲ
                                                                       -
          仍然可作为乳腺癌患者治疗的一个重要选择。                                    trial[J]. Ann Oncol,2022,33:S1384-S1385.
              综上所述,CDK4/6抑制剂联合内分泌药物治疗HR                      [11]  SLEDGE G W, Jr,TOI M,NEVEN P,et al. MONARCH
          阳性/HER2阴性乳腺癌的疗效显著,不良反应发生率较                              2:abemaciclib in combination with fulvestrant in women
                                                                         +
                                                                              -
          高,尤其是血液毒性反应。本研究的局限性为:(1)纳入                              with HR /HER2  advanced breast cancer who had pro‐
                                                                  gressed  while  receiving  endocrine  therapy[J].  J  Clin  On‐
          研究的干预措施、纳入患者的状态、治疗药物不尽相同;
                                                                  col,2017,35(25):2875-2884.
         (2)部分临床试验还在进行中,相关数据暂未公布。故
                                                             [12]  SLEDGE G W, Jr,TOI M,NEVEN P,et al. The effect of
          本研究所得结论仍需要更多大样本、高质量 RCT 进行
                                                                  abemaciclib  plus  fulvestrant  on  overall  survival  in  hor‐
          验证。
                                                                  mone  receptor-positive,ERBB2-negative  breast  cancer
          参考文献                                                    that  progressed  on  endocrine  therapy-MONARCH  2:a
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              statistics  2020:GLOBOCAN  estimates  of  incidence  and   116-124.
              mortality  worldwide  for  36  cancers  in  185  countries[J].   [13]  JOHNSTON  S,MARTIN  M,DI  LEO  A,et  al.
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          [ 2 ]  CARDOSO  F,COSTA A,SENKUS  E,et  al.  3rd  ESO-  clib as initial therapy for advanced breast cancer[J]. NPJ
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              Breast Cancer(ABC 3)[J]. Breast,2017,31:244-259.  [14]  JOHNSTON S R D,TOI M,O’SHAUGHNESSY J,et al.
          [ 3 ]  HOWLADER N,ALTEKRUSE S F,LI C I,et al. US inci‐  Abemaciclib plus endocrine therapy for hormone receptor-
              dence of breast cancer subtypes defined by joint hormone   positive,HER2-negative,node-positive,high-risk  early
              receptor and HER2 status[J]. J Natl Cancer Inst,2014,106  breast  cancer(monarchE):results  from  a  preplanned
              (5):dju055.                                         interim analysis of a randomised,open-label,phase 3 trial
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              endocrine  resistance  in  metastatic  breast  cancer:current   [15]  HORTOBAGYI G N,STEMMER S M,BURRIS H A,


          中国药房  2023年第34卷第22期                                              China Pharmacy  2023 Vol. 34  No. 22    · 2791 ·
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