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转甲状腺素蛋白心脏淀粉样变心肌病及其合并症的药物治疗
进展
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*
李昀纾 ,罗素新,黄 毕(重庆医科大学附属第一医院心血管内科,重庆 400042)
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中图分类号 R972;R542.2 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2023)21-2665-06
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2023.21.17
摘 要 转甲状腺素蛋白心脏淀粉样变心肌病(ATTR-CM)是由于不稳定的转甲状腺素蛋白(TTR)四聚体解离成单体后错误折
叠为淀粉样物质沉积于心肌间质所致的一种浸润性心肌病。既往针对ATTR-CM无特异性的治疗药物,主要针对心力衰竭和心
律失常对症治疗。近年来针对ATTR-CM的发病机制,学者们研发了两大类药物:一类是稳定TTR四聚体结构的药物(如氯苯唑
酸和 acoramidis),另一类是干扰 TTR 合成的药物(如 patisiran)。其中氯苯唑酸已被研究证实是目前唯一能治疗 ATTR-CM 的药
物,其他药物均尚处于临床试验阶段,临床证据有限。在ATTR-CM合并症的药物治疗方面,主要是针对最常见的心脏合并症(如
心力衰竭和心律失常)的治疗;传统用于改善心力衰竭预后的药物(如β受体阻滞剂、肾素-血管紧张素受体拮抗剂)在ATTR-CM
患者中未证实可改善预后,相反可能带来不良反应。对于合并房颤的ATTR-CM患者,推荐进行抗凝治疗以预防血栓形成,并可
使用胺碘酮进行节律控制。尽管ATTR-CM在药物治疗方面取得了显著进展,但整体预后仍较差,需要在发病机制和靶点开发方
面进一步研究,以进一步改善ATTR-CM患者的预后。
关键词 转甲状腺素蛋白心脏淀粉样变心肌病;合并症;心律失常;心力衰竭;药物治疗
Advancements in pharmacological therapy for transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis myocardiopathy and its
comorbidities
LI Yunshu,LUO Suxin,HUANG Bi(Dept. of Cardiology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical
University,Chongqing 400042,China)
ABSTRACT Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis myocardiopathy (ATTR-CM) is an infiltrative cardiomyopathy characterized by
the deposition of amyloidogenic material in the myocardial interstitium due to the misfolding of monomers following the
dissociation of unstable transthyretin (TTR) tetramers. Previous treatments for ATTR-CM lacked specificity,primarily targeting
symptomatic management of heart failure and arrhythmias. In recent years,researchers have developed two major classes of drugs
addressing the pathogenesis of ATTR-CM. The first class stabilizes TTR tetramer structure (such as tafamidis and acoramidis),
while the second class interferes with TTR synthesis (such as patisiran). Among these,tafamidis has been confirmed as the only
currently effective treatment for ATTR-CM,while other drugs are still in clinical trial stages with limited clinical evidence.
Concerning the management of comorbidities in ATTR-CM,treatment mainly focuses on common cardiac comorbidities (such as
heart failure and arrhythmias). Traditional drugs used to improve heart failure prognosis (such as β-blockers and renin-angiotensin-
receptor blocker),have not demonstrated prognosis improvement in ATTR-CM patients and may even lead to adverse reactions. For
ATTR-CM patients with concurrent atrial fibrillation,anticoagulation therapy is recommended to prevent thrombus formation,and
amiodarone can be used for rhythm control. Despite significant advancements in pharmaceutical treatments for ATTR-CM,the
overall prognosis remains poor,necessitating further research into the pathogenesis and target development to enhance the prognosis
of ATTR-CM patients.
KEYWORDS transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis myocardiopathy; comorbidities; arrhythmias; heart failure; pharmacotherapy
Δ 基金项目“重庆英才计划”项目(No.CQYC20210303368);重庆
转甲状腺素蛋白心脏淀粉样变心肌病(transthyretin
医科大学 2022 年未来医学青年创新团队发展支持计划项目(No.
W0184) cardiac amyloidosis myocardiopathy,ATTR-CM)是由于
*第一作者 住院医师,硕士研究生。研究方向:心血管疾病、心肌 转甲状腺素蛋白(transthyretin,TTR)四聚体解离成单
病。E-mail:a15825905656@163.com
体,错误折叠为淀粉样物质后沉积于心肌间质,最终导
# 通信作者 副主任医师,硕士生导师,博士。研究方向:心血管疾
病、心力衰竭、心肌病。E-mail:huangbi120@163.com 致心室肥厚和心力衰竭(下文简称“心衰”)的一种罕见
中国药房 2023年第34卷第21期 China Pharmacy 2023 Vol. 34 No. 21 · 2665 ·