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转甲状腺素蛋白心脏淀粉样变心肌病及其合并症的药物治疗

          进展
                 Δ


                *
          李昀纾 ,罗素新,黄 毕(重庆医科大学附属第一医院心血管内科,重庆 400042)
                                 #
          中图分类号  R972;R542.2      文献标志码  A      文章编号  1001-0408(2023)21-2665-06
          DOI  10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2023.21.17

          摘  要  转甲状腺素蛋白心脏淀粉样变心肌病(ATTR-CM)是由于不稳定的转甲状腺素蛋白(TTR)四聚体解离成单体后错误折
          叠为淀粉样物质沉积于心肌间质所致的一种浸润性心肌病。既往针对ATTR-CM无特异性的治疗药物,主要针对心力衰竭和心
          律失常对症治疗。近年来针对ATTR-CM的发病机制,学者们研发了两大类药物:一类是稳定TTR四聚体结构的药物(如氯苯唑
          酸和 acoramidis),另一类是干扰 TTR 合成的药物(如 patisiran)。其中氯苯唑酸已被研究证实是目前唯一能治疗 ATTR-CM 的药
          物,其他药物均尚处于临床试验阶段,临床证据有限。在ATTR-CM合并症的药物治疗方面,主要是针对最常见的心脏合并症(如
          心力衰竭和心律失常)的治疗;传统用于改善心力衰竭预后的药物(如β受体阻滞剂、肾素-血管紧张素受体拮抗剂)在ATTR-CM
          患者中未证实可改善预后,相反可能带来不良反应。对于合并房颤的ATTR-CM患者,推荐进行抗凝治疗以预防血栓形成,并可
          使用胺碘酮进行节律控制。尽管ATTR-CM在药物治疗方面取得了显著进展,但整体预后仍较差,需要在发病机制和靶点开发方
          面进一步研究,以进一步改善ATTR-CM患者的预后。
          关键词  转甲状腺素蛋白心脏淀粉样变心肌病;合并症;心律失常;心力衰竭;药物治疗


          Advancements  in  pharmacological  therapy  for  transthyretin  cardiac  amyloidosis  myocardiopathy  and  its
          comorbidities
          LI Yunshu,LUO Suxin,HUANG Bi(Dept.  of  Cardiology,the  First  Affiliated  Hospital  of  Chongqing  Medical
          University,Chongqing 400042,China)

          ABSTRACT   Transthyretin  cardiac  amyloidosis  myocardiopathy (ATTR-CM)  is  an  infiltrative  cardiomyopathy  characterized  by
          the  deposition  of  amyloidogenic  material  in  the  myocardial  interstitium  due  to  the  misfolding  of  monomers  following  the
          dissociation  of  unstable  transthyretin (TTR)  tetramers.  Previous  treatments  for  ATTR-CM  lacked  specificity,primarily  targeting
          symptomatic  management  of  heart  failure  and  arrhythmias.  In  recent  years,researchers  have  developed  two  major  classes  of  drugs
          addressing  the  pathogenesis  of  ATTR-CM.  The  first  class  stabilizes  TTR  tetramer  structure (such  as  tafamidis  and  acoramidis),
          while  the  second  class  interferes  with  TTR  synthesis (such  as  patisiran). Among  these,tafamidis  has  been  confirmed  as  the  only
          currently  effective  treatment  for  ATTR-CM,while  other  drugs  are  still  in  clinical  trial  stages  with  limited  clinical  evidence.
          Concerning  the  management  of  comorbidities  in  ATTR-CM,treatment  mainly  focuses  on  common  cardiac  comorbidities (such  as
          heart failure and arrhythmias). Traditional drugs used to improve heart failure prognosis (such as β-blockers and renin-angiotensin-
          receptor blocker),have not demonstrated prognosis improvement in ATTR-CM patients and may even lead to adverse reactions. For
          ATTR-CM  patients  with  concurrent  atrial  fibrillation,anticoagulation  therapy  is  recommended  to  prevent  thrombus  formation,and
          amiodarone  can  be  used  for  rhythm  control.  Despite  significant  advancements  in  pharmaceutical  treatments  for  ATTR-CM,the
          overall prognosis remains poor,necessitating further research into the pathogenesis and target development to enhance the prognosis
          of ATTR-CM patients.
          KEYWORDS    transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis myocardiopathy; comorbidities; arrhythmias; heart failure; pharmacotherapy


             Δ 基金项目“重庆英才计划”项目(No.CQYC20210303368);重庆
                                                                 转甲状腺素蛋白心脏淀粉样变心肌病(transthyretin
          医科大学 2022 年未来医学青年创新团队发展支持计划项目(No.
          W0184)                                             cardiac amyloidosis myocardiopathy,ATTR-CM)是由于
             *第一作者 住院医师,硕士研究生。研究方向:心血管疾病、心肌                  转甲状腺素蛋白(transthyretin,TTR)四聚体解离成单
          病。E-mail:a15825905656@163.com
                                                             体,错误折叠为淀粉样物质后沉积于心肌间质,最终导
             # 通信作者 副主任医师,硕士生导师,博士。研究方向:心血管疾
          病、心力衰竭、心肌病。E-mail:huangbi120@163.com               致心室肥厚和心力衰竭(下文简称“心衰”)的一种罕见


          中国药房  2023年第34卷第21期                                              China Pharmacy  2023 Vol. 34  No. 21    · 2665 ·
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