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经典名方参苓白术散的古今文献考证及研究热点分析
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鹿 岩 ,化晓凯,张红艳,刘 宁,李 妮,郭琳琳(山东中医药大学第二附属医院药学部,济南 250001)
中图分类号 R289 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2023)12-1449-07
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2023.12.08
摘 要 目的 为参苓白术散的临床应用和进一步研究开发提供借鉴。方法 利用文献考证和计量学方法对古代和近代医籍中参
苓白术散的组成、剂量、炮制、用法等关键信息进行系统的归纳整理,并对现代文献的发文量、关键词等内容进行可视化分析。
结果与结论 参苓白术散最早收载于《太平惠民和剂局方》(以下简称“局方”),历代核心药物组成、应用最多的剂量比例均与局方
相同;基本以制末、调服为主;用量集中于2~3钱;功能主治和应用范围较局方有一定拓展,临床应用也从内科逐渐延伸到外科、
妇科、儿科、眼科、皮肤科等,总体上覆盖了脾虚所致病症的各个方面;组方原理围绕“健脾、益气、除湿”;组方药物建议都选用药典
中的相应饮片品种。现代研究主要围绕临床展开,以中医或中西医结合该方加减治疗各类肠病、腹泻病、肺病为主,研究重点是疗
效、应用,且已开始探讨其作用机制。该方在文献中的用法与药典收录有不一致之处,有待进一步研究。
关键词 参苓白术散;健脾;益气;除湿;医籍医方;溃疡性结肠炎;文献考证
Textual research on ancient and modern literature and analysis on research hot spots of classical
prescription Shenling baizhu powder
LU Yan,HUA Xiaokai,ZHANG Hongyan,LIU Ning,LI Ni,GUO Linlin(Dept. of Pharmacy, the Second
Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250001, China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To provide reference for the clinical application and further research and development of Shenling
baizhu powder. METHODS Using the methods of textual research and bibliometrics, the key information such as the composition,
dose, processing and usage of Shenling baizhu powder in ancient and modern literature were systematically summarized and sorted
out, and the number of publications, keywords, and other contents of modern literature were visually analyzed. RESULTS &
CONCLUSIONS Shenling baizhu powder was first collected in Taiping Huimin Hejiju Fang (abbreviated “Jufang”), the
composition of core drugs and most widely used dose ratio in previous generations were the same as those in Jufang, basically
focusing on powder making and being taken after mixed with liquid; the dosage was concentrated on 2-3 qian; the function and
application of it had been expanded to a certain extent compared with Jufang; its clinical application had gradually extended from
internal medicine to surgery, gynecology, pediatrics, ophthalmology, dermatology, etc., covering all aspects of the disease caused
by spleen deficiency in general; the composition mechanism revolved around “strengthening the spleen, replenishing qi and
removing dampness”; the recommended prescription drugs were all selected from the corresponding varieties in the pharmacopoeia.
Modern research mainly focuses on clinical practice, with traditional Chinese medicine or traditional Chinese and Western medicine
combined with this formula as the main modified treatment for various intestinal diseases, diarrhea diseases, and lung diseases. The
efficacy and application are the frontier hot spots today, and the mechanism of action has begun to be explored. The usage in the
literature and the inclusion in the pharmacopoeia are inconsistent, and further research is needed.
KEYWORDS Shenling baizhu powder; strengthening the spleen; replenishing qi; removing dampness; medical registration and
prescription; ulcerative colitis; textual research
[1]
参苓白术散出自《太平惠民和剂局方》(以下简称 创新,是用好古方,并使其得到进一步发展的基础。本
“局方”),由人参、茯苓、白术、山药、白扁豆、莲子、薏苡 课题组查阅文献发现,目前学界对于参苓白术散的研究
仁、砂仁、桔梗、甘草10味药组成,具有益气健脾、渗湿止 主要集中在现代应用、临床疗效观察及作用机制研究等
泻之功,是历代调脾之主方,现代亦广泛应用于临床。 方面,尚无基于客观统计方法的、以古代医籍和现代文
该方以人参、茯苓、白术益气健脾渗湿为君药,故名参苓 献为目标的系统性、综合性研究,在一定程度上影响了
[2]
白术散 。 该方的传承与发展。因此,本研究拟通过文献考证和计
研究古人的学术思想和发展脉络,传承精华、守正 量学方法来对古代和近代医籍中参苓白术散的组成、剂
量、炮制、用法、用量、功能主治等关键信息进行系统的
Δ 基金项目 山东省中医药科技发展计划项目(No.2019-0210,No.
归纳整理,并对现代文献的发文量、关键词等内容作可
2019-0214);山东省医学会临床科研资金-齐鲁专项(No.YXH2022ZX-
视化分析,探寻研究热点,以期为该经典名方更好地应
02061)
*第一作者 副主任药师,硕士。研究方向:临床药学、药事管理、 用于临床,充分发挥其疗效、体现其传承应用价值,并推
中药制剂。E-mail:deerock@sina.com 动对其进一步的深入研究与开发提供有益借鉴。
中国药房 2023年第34卷第12期 China Pharmacy 2023 Vol. 34 No. 12 · 1449 ·