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儿童抗菌药物个体化治疗现状的多中心调查与分析
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          王 俊 ,王晓玲 ,汪 洋 ,梅 艳 ,彭 静 ,刘茂昌 ,徐 华 (1.华中科技大学同济医学院附属武汉儿童医
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          院药学部,武汉 430016;2.国家儿童医学中心首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院药学部,北京 100045)
          中图分类号  R969.3;R978      文献标志码  A      文章编号  1001-0408(2023)09-1131-06
          DOI  10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2023.09.20
          摘  要  目的  了解抗菌药物在儿童患者个体化治疗中的开展情况。方法  对全国30家儿童医院和综合医院儿科开展抗菌药物
          个体化治疗的情况进行问卷调查,使用Microsoft Excel 2007和SPSS 26.0软件对调查数据进行统计分析。结果  本次调查共收回
          75份问卷,其中有效问卷53份,有效率为70.7%。调查发现,86.7%(26/30)的医院以不同形式开展了儿童抗菌药物个体化治疗。
          临床需求是推动多家医院开展个体化治疗的主要动力,而人员设备不足是最大障碍。开展循证药学、治疗药物监测(TDM)、模型
          引导的精准用药(MIPD)和抗菌药物相关基因检测的医院占比分别为70.0%、80.0%、30.0%和33.3%。各医院开展TDM的检测方
          式多样,涉及的儿童抗菌药物以万古霉素和伏立康唑为主。有近一半的药师对MIPD尚不甚了解。结论  TDM是目前各医疗机构
          开展儿童抗菌药物个体化治疗的主要方式,但其监测覆盖范围及检测标准均有待提高。MIPD和抗菌药物相关的基因检测技术
          仍需在临床进一步推广。
          关键词  抗菌药物;儿童;个体化治疗;治疗药物监测

          Multi-centre survey and analysis of individual therapy of antimicrobial agents in children
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          WANG Jun ,WANG Xiaoling ,WANG Yang ,MEI Yan ,PENG Jing ,LIU Maochang ,XU Hua(1.  Dept.  of
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          Pharmacy,  Wuhan  Children’s  Hospital,  Tongji  Medical  College,  Huazhong  University  of  Science  and
          Technology,  Wuhan  430016,  China;2.  Dept.  of  Pharmacy,  Beijing  Children’s  Hospital,  Capital  Medical
          University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100045, China)
          ABSTRACT   OBJECTIVE  To  investigate  the  development  of  individual  therapy  of  antimicrobial  agents  in  pediatric  patients.
          METHODS  A  questionnaire  survey  was  conducted  to  investigate  the  individual  therapy  of  antimicrobial  agents  in  30  children’s
          hospitals  and  pediatric  departments  of  general  hospitals  in  China.  The  survey  data  was  analyzed  statistically  by  Microsoft  Excel
          2007  and  SPSS  26.0  software.  RESULTS  In  this  survey,  75  questionnaires  were  collected,  and  53  of  them  were  valid  with  an
          effective  rate  of  70.7%.  The  results  showed  that  86.7% (26/30)  of  the  hospitals  carried  out  individual  therapy  of  antimicrobial
          agents  in  different  forms.  Clinical  needs  primarily  contributed  to  the  individual  therapy  in  these  hospitals,  while  the  insufficient
          personnel and equipment were the biggest obstacles for individual therapy. The proportions of hospitals, who implemented evidence-
          based  pharmacy,  therapeutic  drug  monitoring (TDM),  model-informed  precision  dosing (MIPD)  and  antimicrobial-related  genetic
          tests  were  70.0%,  80.0%,  30.0%  and  33.3%,  respectively.  Various  detection  methods  of  TDM  were  carried  out  in  various
          hospitals,  and  the  antimicrobial  agents  which  needed  TDM  focused  on  vancomycin  and  voriconazole.  Moreover,  nearly  half  of
          pharmacists did not know much about MIPD. CONCLUSIONS At present, TDM is the main way to develop individual therapy of
          antimicrobial  agents  in  various  hospitals,  but  its  monitoring  coverage  and  testing  standards  need  to  be  improved.  MIPD  and
          antimicrobial-related gene tests still need to be further promoted in clinical practice.
          KEYWORDS    antimicrobial agents; child; individual therapy; therapeutic drug monitoring


              近年来,随着耐药菌的不断出现和抗菌药物研发创                         家卫生健康委《关于持续做好抗菌药物临床应用管理工
          新力的下降,抗菌药物的合理使用成为一个重要的公众                           作的通知》指出“提高药学专业技术服务水平,鼓励有条
          健康问题,备受政府和医疗各界的关注                [1―2] 。2020年,国    件的医疗机构开展重点抗菌药物的治疗药物浓度监测,
                                                             指导临床精准用药”。2022 年,国家卫生健康委发布的
             Δ 基金项目 国家呼吸系统疾病临床医学研究中心呼吸专项课题
         (No.HXZX-202107)                                   《关于进一步加强用药安全管理提升合理用药水平的通
             *第一作者 主管药师,硕士。研究方向:定量药理学。电话:027-                知》再次强调“应通过血药浓度监测、基因检测等,识别
          82433435。E-mail:wangjun2@zgwhfe.com
             #  通信作者 主 任 药 师 。 研 究 方 向 :医 院 药 学 。 电 话 :027-  用药风险,制定个体化用药方案,优化药物品种选择,精
          82433316。E-mail:Xuhua2@zgwhfe.com                  准确定用药剂量”,以加强抗微生物药物等重点药品的


          中国药房  2023年第34卷第9期                                                China Pharmacy  2023 Vol. 34  No. 9    · 1131 ·
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