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儿童抗菌药物个体化治疗现状的多中心调查与分析
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王 俊 ,王晓玲 ,汪 洋 ,梅 艳 ,彭 静 ,刘茂昌 ,徐 华 (1.华中科技大学同济医学院附属武汉儿童医
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院药学部,武汉 430016;2.国家儿童医学中心首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院药学部,北京 100045)
中图分类号 R969.3;R978 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2023)09-1131-06
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2023.09.20
摘 要 目的 了解抗菌药物在儿童患者个体化治疗中的开展情况。方法 对全国30家儿童医院和综合医院儿科开展抗菌药物
个体化治疗的情况进行问卷调查,使用Microsoft Excel 2007和SPSS 26.0软件对调查数据进行统计分析。结果 本次调查共收回
75份问卷,其中有效问卷53份,有效率为70.7%。调查发现,86.7%(26/30)的医院以不同形式开展了儿童抗菌药物个体化治疗。
临床需求是推动多家医院开展个体化治疗的主要动力,而人员设备不足是最大障碍。开展循证药学、治疗药物监测(TDM)、模型
引导的精准用药(MIPD)和抗菌药物相关基因检测的医院占比分别为70.0%、80.0%、30.0%和33.3%。各医院开展TDM的检测方
式多样,涉及的儿童抗菌药物以万古霉素和伏立康唑为主。有近一半的药师对MIPD尚不甚了解。结论 TDM是目前各医疗机构
开展儿童抗菌药物个体化治疗的主要方式,但其监测覆盖范围及检测标准均有待提高。MIPD和抗菌药物相关的基因检测技术
仍需在临床进一步推广。
关键词 抗菌药物;儿童;个体化治疗;治疗药物监测
Multi-centre survey and analysis of individual therapy of antimicrobial agents in children
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WANG Jun ,WANG Xiaoling ,WANG Yang ,MEI Yan ,PENG Jing ,LIU Maochang ,XU Hua(1. Dept. of
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Pharmacy, Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and
Technology, Wuhan 430016, China;2. Dept. of Pharmacy, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical
University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100045, China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To investigate the development of individual therapy of antimicrobial agents in pediatric patients.
METHODS A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the individual therapy of antimicrobial agents in 30 children’s
hospitals and pediatric departments of general hospitals in China. The survey data was analyzed statistically by Microsoft Excel
2007 and SPSS 26.0 software. RESULTS In this survey, 75 questionnaires were collected, and 53 of them were valid with an
effective rate of 70.7%. The results showed that 86.7% (26/30) of the hospitals carried out individual therapy of antimicrobial
agents in different forms. Clinical needs primarily contributed to the individual therapy in these hospitals, while the insufficient
personnel and equipment were the biggest obstacles for individual therapy. The proportions of hospitals, who implemented evidence-
based pharmacy, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) and antimicrobial-related genetic
tests were 70.0%, 80.0%, 30.0% and 33.3%, respectively. Various detection methods of TDM were carried out in various
hospitals, and the antimicrobial agents which needed TDM focused on vancomycin and voriconazole. Moreover, nearly half of
pharmacists did not know much about MIPD. CONCLUSIONS At present, TDM is the main way to develop individual therapy of
antimicrobial agents in various hospitals, but its monitoring coverage and testing standards need to be improved. MIPD and
antimicrobial-related gene tests still need to be further promoted in clinical practice.
KEYWORDS antimicrobial agents; child; individual therapy; therapeutic drug monitoring
近年来,随着耐药菌的不断出现和抗菌药物研发创 家卫生健康委《关于持续做好抗菌药物临床应用管理工
新力的下降,抗菌药物的合理使用成为一个重要的公众 作的通知》指出“提高药学专业技术服务水平,鼓励有条
健康问题,备受政府和医疗各界的关注 [1―2] 。2020年,国 件的医疗机构开展重点抗菌药物的治疗药物浓度监测,
指导临床精准用药”。2022 年,国家卫生健康委发布的
Δ 基金项目 国家呼吸系统疾病临床医学研究中心呼吸专项课题
(No.HXZX-202107) 《关于进一步加强用药安全管理提升合理用药水平的通
*第一作者 主管药师,硕士。研究方向:定量药理学。电话:027- 知》再次强调“应通过血药浓度监测、基因检测等,识别
82433435。E-mail:wangjun2@zgwhfe.com
# 通信作者 主 任 药 师 。 研 究 方 向 :医 院 药 学 。 电 话 :027- 用药风险,制定个体化用药方案,优化药物品种选择,精
82433316。E-mail:Xuhua2@zgwhfe.com 准确定用药剂量”,以加强抗微生物药物等重点药品的
中国药房 2023年第34卷第9期 China Pharmacy 2023 Vol. 34 No. 9 · 1131 ·