Page 93 - 《中国药房》2022年23期
P. 93

有更高的 VTE 复发风险,与本研究的结果相似。相反,                             cet,2016,387(10026):1377-1396.
                 [36]
          Halbur 等 研究认为,基于体质量调整阿司匹林剂量可                       [ 6 ]  MALIK A H,YANDRAPALLI S,SHETTY S,et al. Im‐
          进一步减少关节置换术后的 VTE 发生率。值得一提的                              pact of weight on the efficacy and safety of direct-acting
          是,现有的数据提示利伐沙班相较于其他口服抗凝药                                 oral anticoagulants in patients with non-valvular atrial fi‐
                                       [37]
          物,根据体质量调整需求可能更少 。                                       brillation:a  meta-analysis[J].  Europace,2020,22(3):
                                                                  361-367.
              本研究存在的局限性为:(1)纳入研究不完全是
                                                             [ 7 ]  LI X Y,ZUO C C,JI Q Y,et al. Body mass index influ‐
          RCT。NOACs及阿司匹林在进行临床试验时,为了保证
                                                                  ence on the clinical outcomes for nonvalvular atrial fibril‐
          组间的可比性,由于体质量并非确切的影响因素,常常
                                                                  lation  patients  admitted  to  a  hospital  treated  with  direct
          会进行平衡分配。所以少有 RCT 关注不同体质量分组
                                                                  oral  anticoagulants:a  retrospective  cohort  study[J].  Drug
          间疗效的差异,这也是导致纳入文献或RCT较少的主要                               Des Devel Ther,2021,15:1931-1943.
          原因。(2)体质量分类不够详细,缺失了低体质量、病态                         [ 8 ]  MALTENFORT M. CORR insights :is obesity associated
                                                                                            ®
          肥胖亚组。局限于作者的知识范围,尚未找到有详细研                                with increased risk of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary
          究 NOACs 或阿司匹林在低体质量患者中应用的研究。                             embolism  after  hip  and  knee  arthroplasty? A  large  data‐
          根据可获得的资料,达比加群酯在 BMI 35~40 kg/m 、                        base  study[J].  Clin  Orthop  Relat  Res,2019,477(3):
                                                        2
                      2
          BMI>40 kg/m 亚组中也表现出与依诺肝素相当的有效                           533-535.
          性与安全性 。由于结局事件很少,阿司匹林的研究中                           [ 9 ]  BUCK  M  M,HADDON A  M,PANECCASIO A,et  al.
                    [14]
                      2
          BMI>35 kg/m 的患者甚至无法满足充分的结局比                             Safety  and  efficacy  of  rivaroxaban  and  apixaban  in  pa‐
          较 。阿司匹林基于体质量与其他口服抗凝药物的比                                 tients with increased body mass:a systematic review [J].
            [18]
          较也较少,最新的研究显示,针对病态肥胖患者,阿司匹                               Clin Drug Investigat,2021,41(4):353-369.
                                [38]
          林的有效性优于 NOACs 。(3)纳入研究的药物包括                        [10]  RICHARDSON S S,SCHAIRER W W,SCULCO P K,
                                                                  et al. Comparison of pharmacologic prophylaxis in preven‐
          NOACs(如利伐沙班、阿哌沙班、达比加群酯)和阿司匹
                                                                  tion  of  venous  thromboembolism  following  total  knee
          林,研究结果无法外推至未纳入的其他 NOACs 如依度
                                                                  arthroplasty[J]. Knee,2019,26(2):451-458.
          沙班。根据 NOACs 的有效性、安全性综合排名 ,利伐
                                                  [39]
                                                             [11]  PAGE M J,MCKENZIE J E,BOSSUYT P M,et al. The
          沙班、阿哌沙班、达比加群酯可作为代表药物推荐用于预
                                                                  PRISMA 2020 statement:an updated guideline for repor-
          防VTE,所以本研究所覆盖的药物符合临床实际需要。                               ting systematic reviews[J]. J Clin Epidemiol,2021,134:
              综上所述,体质量对 NOACs 及阿司匹林预防髋膝                           178-189.
          关节置换术后 VTE 有效性和安全性的影响并不显著。                         [12]  STERNE J A C,SAVOVIĆ J,PAGE M J,et al. RoB 2:a
          本研究支持超重、肥胖患者在髋膝关节置换术后接受                                 revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials
          NOACs或阿司匹林预防VTE。                                        [J]. BMJ,2019,366:l4898.
          参考文献                                               [13]  STANG  A.  Critical  evaluation  of  the  Newcastle-Ottawa
          [ 1 ]  MATHARU  G  S,KUNUTSOR  S  K,JUDGE  A,et  al.    scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized
              Clinical  effectiveness  and  safety  of  aspirin  for  venous   studies  in  meta-analyses[J].  Eur  J  Epidemiol,2010,25
              thromboembolism prophylaxis after total hip and knee re‐  (9):603-605.
              placement:a systematic review and meta-analysis of ran‐  [14]  ERIKSSON B I,DAHL O E,FEURING M,et al. Dabiga‐
              domized  clinical  trials[J].  JAMA  Intern  Med,2020,180  tran is effective with a favourable safety profile in normal
              (3):376-384.                                        and  overweight  patients  undergoing  major  orthopaedic
          [ 2 ]  邱贵兴 . 中国骨科大手术静脉血栓栓塞症预防指南[J/                      surgery:a pooled analysis[J]. Thromb Res,2012,130(5):
              OL]. 中华关节外科杂志(电子版),2009,3(3):380-383                818-820.
              [2022-09-10]. https://kns.cnki.net/kns8/defaultresult/index.  [15]  KRAUSS E S,CRONIN M,DENGLER N,et al. The ef‐
          [ 3 ]  MARTIN K,BEYER-WESTENDORF J,DAVIDSON B L,        fect of BMI and gender on bleeding events when rivaroxa‐
              et  al.  Use  of  the  direct  oral  anticoagulants  in  obese  pa‐  ban  is  administered  for  thromboprophylaxis  following
              tients:guidance from the SSC of the ISTH[J]. J Thromb   total  hip  and  total  knee  arthroplasty[J].  Semin  Thromb
              Haemost,2016,14(6):1308-1313.                       Hemost,2019,45(2):180-186.
          [ 4 ]  AFSHIN A,REITSMA M B,MURRAY C J L. Health ef‐  [16]  PINEO G F,GALLUS A S,RASKOB G E,et al. Apixa‐
              fects  of  overweight  and  obesity  in  195  countries[J].  N   ban after hip or knee arthroplasty versus enoxaparin:effi‐
              Engl J Med,2017,377(15):1496-1497.                  cacy  and  safety  in  key  clinical  subgroups[J].  J  Thromb
          [ 5 ]  NCD  Risk  Factor  Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Trends  in   Haemost,2013,11(3):444-451.
              adult  body-mass  index  in  200  countries  from  1975  to   [17]  ROSENCHER  N,SAMAMA  C  M,FEURING  M,et  al.
              2014:a  pooled  analysis  of  1  698  population-based  mea‐  Dabigatran etexilate for thromboprophylaxis in over 5 000
              surement  studies  with  19·2  million  participants[J].  Lan‐  hip  or  knee  replacement  patients  in  a  real-world  clinical


          中国药房  2022年第33卷第23期                                              China Pharmacy  2022 Vol. 33  No. 23    · 2899 ·
   88   89   90   91   92   93   94   95   96   97   98