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有更高的 VTE 复发风险,与本研究的结果相似。相反, cet,2016,387(10026):1377-1396.
[36]
Halbur 等 研究认为,基于体质量调整阿司匹林剂量可 [ 6 ] MALIK A H,YANDRAPALLI S,SHETTY S,et al. Im‐
进一步减少关节置换术后的 VTE 发生率。值得一提的 pact of weight on the efficacy and safety of direct-acting
是,现有的数据提示利伐沙班相较于其他口服抗凝药 oral anticoagulants in patients with non-valvular atrial fi‐
[37]
物,根据体质量调整需求可能更少 。 brillation:a meta-analysis[J]. Europace,2020,22(3):
361-367.
本研究存在的局限性为:(1)纳入研究不完全是
[ 7 ] LI X Y,ZUO C C,JI Q Y,et al. Body mass index influ‐
RCT。NOACs及阿司匹林在进行临床试验时,为了保证
ence on the clinical outcomes for nonvalvular atrial fibril‐
组间的可比性,由于体质量并非确切的影响因素,常常
lation patients admitted to a hospital treated with direct
会进行平衡分配。所以少有 RCT 关注不同体质量分组
oral anticoagulants:a retrospective cohort study[J]. Drug
间疗效的差异,这也是导致纳入文献或RCT较少的主要 Des Devel Ther,2021,15:1931-1943.
原因。(2)体质量分类不够详细,缺失了低体质量、病态 [ 8 ] MALTENFORT M. CORR insights :is obesity associated
®
肥胖亚组。局限于作者的知识范围,尚未找到有详细研 with increased risk of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary
究 NOACs 或阿司匹林在低体质量患者中应用的研究。 embolism after hip and knee arthroplasty? A large data‐
根据可获得的资料,达比加群酯在 BMI 35~40 kg/m 、 base study[J]. Clin Orthop Relat Res,2019,477(3):
2
2
BMI>40 kg/m 亚组中也表现出与依诺肝素相当的有效 533-535.
性与安全性 。由于结局事件很少,阿司匹林的研究中 [ 9 ] BUCK M M,HADDON A M,PANECCASIO A,et al.
[14]
2
BMI>35 kg/m 的患者甚至无法满足充分的结局比 Safety and efficacy of rivaroxaban and apixaban in pa‐
较 。阿司匹林基于体质量与其他口服抗凝药物的比 tients with increased body mass:a systematic review [J].
[18]
较也较少,最新的研究显示,针对病态肥胖患者,阿司匹 Clin Drug Investigat,2021,41(4):353-369.
[38]
林的有效性优于 NOACs 。(3)纳入研究的药物包括 [10] RICHARDSON S S,SCHAIRER W W,SCULCO P K,
et al. Comparison of pharmacologic prophylaxis in preven‐
NOACs(如利伐沙班、阿哌沙班、达比加群酯)和阿司匹
tion of venous thromboembolism following total knee
林,研究结果无法外推至未纳入的其他 NOACs 如依度
arthroplasty[J]. Knee,2019,26(2):451-458.
沙班。根据 NOACs 的有效性、安全性综合排名 ,利伐
[39]
[11] PAGE M J,MCKENZIE J E,BOSSUYT P M,et al. The
沙班、阿哌沙班、达比加群酯可作为代表药物推荐用于预
PRISMA 2020 statement:an updated guideline for repor-
防VTE,所以本研究所覆盖的药物符合临床实际需要。 ting systematic reviews[J]. J Clin Epidemiol,2021,134:
综上所述,体质量对 NOACs 及阿司匹林预防髋膝 178-189.
关节置换术后 VTE 有效性和安全性的影响并不显著。 [12] STERNE J A C,SAVOVIĆ J,PAGE M J,et al. RoB 2:a
本研究支持超重、肥胖患者在髋膝关节置换术后接受 revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials
NOACs或阿司匹林预防VTE。 [J]. BMJ,2019,366:l4898.
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中国药房 2022年第33卷第23期 China Pharmacy 2022 Vol. 33 No. 23 · 2899 ·