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COX-2抑制剂更快达到稳态药物浓度,从而让患者在短                              postoperative pain in patients undergoing total knee arthro‐
          期内获得更好的镇痛效果。PCA药物常用于接受THA/                              plasty:a protocol for PRISMA guided meta-analysis of
          TKA患者的术后镇痛,其中阿片类药物是目前临床首选                               randomized controlled trials[J]. Medicine (Baltimore),
          的 PCA 药物。虽然阿片类药物能有效减轻患者术后疼                              2021,100(7):e24512.
          痛,但其副作用也是显而易见的,尤其是大剂量使用后                           [ 9 ]  万丽,赵晴,陈军,等 . 疼痛评估量表应用的中国专家共
                                                                  识:2020版[J].中华疼痛学杂志,2020,16(3):177-187.
          的副作用(如恶心呕吐),这不仅降低了患者的治疗舒适
                                                             [10]  沈彬,唐新,杨静,等 . 围手术期口服塞来昔布对全膝关
          度和满意度,而且影响了患者的术后康复。阿片类药物
                                                                  节置换术后疼痛和功能康复的近期影响和安全性观察
          作为术后恶心呕吐的主要诱因,其不仅能直接作用于催
                                                                  [J].中华外科杂志,2009,47(2):116-119.
          吐化学感受器,诱导呕吐反射,而且能与前庭神经和胃
                                                             [11]  MUNTEANUA M,CIONAC FLORESCU S,ANASTASED
          肠道中的阿片受体结合,通过降低肌张力来减少胃肠道                                M,et al. Is there any analgesic benefit from preoperative
                         [7]
          蠕动,延缓胃排空 。本研究结果发现,联合术前使用选                               vs. postoperative administration of etoricoxib in total knee
          择性COX-2抑制剂超前镇痛可有效降低术后PCA药物                              arthroplasty under spinal anaesthesia? A randomised
          的总消耗量,进而有助于减少阿片类镇痛药物过量使用                                double-blind placebo-controlled trial[J]. Eur J Anaesthe‐
          引起的恶心呕吐等副作用。                                            siol,2016,33(11):840-845.
              本研究存在一定局限性:首先,各研究中选择性                          [12]  LIU J F,WANG F. Preoperative celecoxib analgesia is
          COX-2抑制剂剂量、术前与术后给药时间和术后PCA药                             more efficient and equally tolerated compared to post-
          物的使用不一致;其次,疼痛 VAS 评分在一定程度上受                             operative celecoxib analgesia in knee osteoarthritis patients
          主观因素的影响,可能会给结果造成一定的影响。                                  undergoing total knee arthroplasty:a randomized,con‐
                                                                  trolled study[J]. Medicine,2018,97(51):e13663.
              综上所述,与单纯术后镇痛相比,选择性 COX-2 抑
                                                             [13]  REN L Y,MENG L,YAN H,et al. Preoperative meloxi‐
          制剂超前镇痛联合术后镇痛可明显减轻THA/TKA患者
                                                                  cam versus postoperative meloxicam for pain control,pa‐
          术后早期疼痛,减少其 PCA 药物用量,同时降低了术后
                                                                  tients’satisfaction and function recovery in hip osteoar‐
          恶心呕吐的发生率。受纳入研究质量与样本量限制,该
                                                                  thritis patients who receive total hip arthroplasty:a ran‐
          结论有待更多高质量的RCT进一步证实。                                     domized,controlled study[J]. Inflammopharmacology,
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          中国药房    2022年第33卷第19期                                            China Pharmacy 2022 Vol. 33 No. 19  ·2413·
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