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是痤疮、尿道感染和低密度脂蛋白升高的发生率显著增 [10] SCHEINBERG M,DE LUCENA COUTO OCÉA R A,
加。这些不良反应可能与 JAK 抑制剂的免疫抑制作用 CRUZ B A,et al. Brazilian experience of the treatment of
[22]
有关 。值得注意的是,这种免疫抑制也可能会削弱干 alopecia universalis with the novel antirheumatic therapy
扰素及自然杀伤细胞的肿瘤监视功能,故长期服用有可 tofacitinib:a case series[J]. Rheumatol Ther,2017,4(2):
[22]
能会增加肿瘤的发生风险 。不过对于此类药物远期 503-508.
[11] ClinicalTrials.gov. PF-06651600 for the treatment of alo‐
安全性的评估,仍需要开展更多大样本长随访的临床研
pecia areata (ALLEGRO-2b/3) [EB/OL]. [2022-03-29].
究进行探索。
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03732807.
本研究尚存在一定的不足:(1)所纳入文献数量有
[12] KING B,GUTTMAN-YASSKY E,PEEVA E,et al. A
限,且纳入研究样本量较小,检验效能可能不足;(2)纳
phase 2a randomized,placebo-controlled study to evaluate
入研究的文种限定为中英文,可能存在语言偏倚;(3)纳 the efficacy and safety of the oral Janus kinase inhibitors
入研究存在异质性,包括药品种类和剂量不同、干预疗 ritlecitinib and brepocitinib in alopecia areata:24-week re‐
程有差异、随访周期不一致、研究环境不同等,导致结果 sults[J]. J Am Acad Dermatol,2021,85(2):379-387.
可能会存在一定的偏倚,需谨慎解读;(4)所有纳入的研 [13] KING B,KO J,FORMAN S,et al. Efficacy and safety of
究全部来自于美国,且均处于临床试验阶段,大大限制 the oral Janus kinase inhibitor baricitinib in the treatment
了本研究结论的代表性。 of adults with alopecia areata:phase 2 results from a ran‐
综上所述,当前证据显示,口服 JAK 抑制剂可显著 domized controlled study[J]. J Am Acad Dermatol,2021,
促进斑秃患者的毛发再生长并改善其焦虑抑郁情况,痤 85(4):847-853.
疮、低密度脂蛋白升高为其主要不良事件。受纳入研究 [14] KING B,OHYAMA M,KWON O,et al. Two phase 3
数量和质量的限制,上述结论尚待更多高质量研究予以 trials of baricitinib for alopecia areata[J]. N Engl J Med,
2022,386(18):1687-1699.
验证。
参考文献 [15] OLSEN E A,HORDINSKY M K,PRICE V H,et al. Alo‐
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中国药房 2022年第33卷第19期 China Pharmacy 2022 Vol. 33 No. 19 ·2403·