Page 51 - 《中国药房》2022年17期

米泔水漂白术漂制过程中挥发性成分的动态变化研究 Δ

杨丹阳 ，于 欢 ，吴晓莹，朱盈徽，徐万爱，吴静雨，肖小林，龚千锋（江西中医药大学药学院，南昌 330004）
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中图分类号 R932 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408（2022）17-2093-05
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2022.17.09

摘 要 目的 研究米泔水漂白术漂制过程中挥发性成分的组成及含量变化。方法 制备白术生品及其5个不同漂制阶段漂制品
（第1、2阶段漂制品分别为生品用9倍量米泔水各漂12、24 h；第3～5阶段漂制品分别为生品先用9倍量米泔水漂24 h，再用9倍量
清水各漂12、24、48 h），漂洗温度均为26 ℃。采用顶空气相色谱-质谱联用法对白术生品及其5个不同漂制阶段漂制品的挥发性
成分进行定性分析，并运用峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量。结果 从白术生品及其5个不同漂制阶段漂制品中共鉴
别出49个挥发性成分，包含萜品油烯、莎草烯、苍术酮等在内的20个共有挥发性成分。其中，从白术生品、第1～5阶段漂制品中
分别鉴别出了 33、31、28、30、28、29 种挥发性成分，其总相对百分含量分别为 66.218％、64.711％、79.410％、65.419％、67.101％、
66.818％；其中，苍术酮的相对百分含量在第4阶段漂制品中最高（41.206％），第3阶段漂制品中最低（35.926％）。与白术生品比
较，漂制过程中新增了 pethylbrene、β-vetivenen 等 16 个挥发性成分，未检测到棕榈酸乙酯、β-maaliene 等 8 个挥发性成分，而
11-rotundene、（－）-valeranone等5个挥发性成分在漂制过程中呈消失-出现和消失-出现-消失的变化趋势。结论 在第3个漂制阶
段白术漂制品中各挥发性成分的总相对百分含量和燥性代表性成分苍术酮的相对百分含量均最低，即缓解白术燥性的米泔水漂制
工艺为白术生品用9倍量米泔水漂24 h，再用9倍量清水漂12 h。
关键词 白术；米泔水；漂制过程；挥发性成分；含量变化；顶空气相色谱-质谱联用法
Study on dynamic changes of volatile components during the bleaching process of Atractylodis
macrocephala with the water of washing rice
YANG Danyang，YU Huan，WU Xiaoying，ZHU Yinghui，XU Wan’ai，WU Jingyu，XIAO Xiaolin，GONG
Qianfeng（School of Pharmacy，Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine，Nanchang 330004，China)

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To study composition and content changes of volatile components during the bleaching process of
Atractylodis macrocephala with the water of washing rice. METHODS The raw products of A. macrocephala and bleached products
of 5 different bleaching stages were prepared（in the first and second stages，raw products were bleached with 9-fold volumn of the
water of washing rice for 12 h and 24 h，respectively；in the third，fourth and fifth stages，the raw products were firstly bleached
with 9-fold volumn of the water of washing rice for 24 h，and then bleached with 9-fold volumn of clean water for 12，24 and 48
h，respectively）；the bleaching temperature was set at 26 ℃. The volatile components of raw products of A. macrocephala and its
bleached products of 5 different bleaching stages were qualitatively analyzed by using headspace gas chromatography-mass
spectrometry. The relative percentage of each component was calculated by peak area normalization method. RESULTS A total of
49 volatile components were identified from raw products of A. macrocephala and its bleached products of 5 different bleaching
stages，including 20 common volatile components such as terpinolene，cyperene and atractylon，etc. Among them，33，31，28，
30，28 and 29 volatile components were identified from the raw products of A. macrocephala and the bleached products of the first
to fifth stages，the relative percentages of which were 66.218％ ，64.711％ ，79.410％ ，65.419％ ，67.101％ ，66.818％ ，
respectively； among them， the relative percentage of atractylon in bleached products was the highest in the fourth stage
（41.206％），but was the lowest in the third stage（35.926％）. Compared with the raw product，16 volatile components such as
pethylbrene and β-vetivenen were added in the bleaching process，while 8 volatile components such as ethyl palmitate and
β-maaliene were not detected. However，5 volatile components including 11-rotundene and （－）-valeranone in the bleaching
process showed a trend of disappearance-emergence and disappearance-emergence-disappearance. CONCLUSIONS In the third
stage，the total relative percentage of each volatile component and the relative percentage of representative dry component as
atractylone are the lowest in bleached products of A.
Δ 基 金 项 目 国 家 自 然 科 学 基 金 资 助 项 目（No.82104392，
No.82160749）；江西省科技计划项目（No.20212BAB216011）；国家中 macrocephala，i.e. the bleaching technology of relieving the
医药管理局2022年全国名老中医药专家（龚千锋）传承工作室建设项 dry property of A. macrocephalae with the water of washing
目（No.国中医药人教函〔2022〕75 号）；江西省中医药管理局第二届国 rice is bleaching with 9-fold volumn of the water of washing
医名师（龚千锋）传承工作室建设项目（No.赣中医药综合字〔2021〕 rice for 24 h，and then bleaching with 9-fold volumn of clean
12号） water for 12 h.
＊ 第 一 作 者 硕 士 研 究 生 。 研 究 方 向 ：中 药 炮 制 。 E-mail： KEYWORDS Atractylodis macrocephala； the water of
2842955183@qq.com washing rice；bleaching process；volatile components；content
# 通信作者 副教授，博士。研究方向：中药饮片标准化与中药炮 change；headspace gas chromatographymass spectrometry
制机制。E-mail：416931863@qq.com

中国药房 2022年第33卷第17期 China Pharmacy 2022 Vol. 33 No. 17 ·2093 ·