Page 40 - 《中国药房》2022年12期

基于主要活性成分的白子菜叶干燥方式及采收时间研究 Δ

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武英茹 1，2＊ ，李媛媛 ，李 宁 ，郭丁丁 ，郭福贵 ，兰子君 ，赵琳儒 ，倪 艳 （1.山西中医药大学中药与食品工
程学院，太原 030619；2.山西省中医药研究院中药方剂研究所，太原 030012）
中图分类号 R284.1 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408（2022）12-1442-06
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2022.12.06
摘 要 目的 测定不同干燥方式及采收时间白子菜叶中主要活性成分的含量，以确定其最优干燥方式及采收时间。方法 分别制
备不同干燥方式[阴干、晒干、烘干（60、70、80 ℃）、微波干燥、冷冻干燥]和不同采收时间（3～10月）白子菜叶样品，采用热浸法测定
其中水溶性浸出物的含量，采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定其中总黄酮和多糖的含量，采用高效液相色谱法测定其中紫云英苷的
含量，采用层次分析法进行综合评价。结果 阴干、晒干、60 ℃烘干、70 ℃烘干、80 ℃烘干、微波干燥、冷冻干燥所用时间分别为7
d、5 d、8 h、5 h、3.5 h、6 min、1 d，所得白子菜叶中水溶性浸出物的平均含量分别为 55.98％、60.78％、52.33％、49.54％、46.87％、
59.70％、58.24％，总黄酮分别为3.27％、3.22％、1.99％、1.70％、1.31％、3.92％、2.28％，多糖分别为4.70％、6.09％、6.48％、5.45％、
5.74％、5.76％、7.15％，紫云英苷分别为0.48％、0.46％、0.24％、0.23％、0.20％、0.48％、0.29％；微波干燥的综合评分最高，为0.996 3
分。3～10月采收样品中水溶性浸出物的平均含量分别为41.50％、40.57％、39.16％、40.65％、40.68％、43.30％、45.19％、40.12％，
总黄酮分别为 2.24％、2.81％、3.87％、3.92％、3.82％、3.93％、3.66％、3.25％，多糖分别为 4.41％、4.61％、4.98％、5.26％、5.75％、
5.94％、5.32％、4.47％，紫云英苷分别为0.20％、0.21％、0.25％、0.26％、0.25％、0.24％、0.25％、0.21％；5～9月采收样品的综合评分均
超过0.92分，且以8月的综合评分最高（0.988 6分）。结论 微波干燥所得白子菜叶的质量较好，5～9月采收较优。
关键词 白子菜叶；干燥方式；采收时间；水溶性浸出物；总黄酮；多糖；紫云英苷；含量测定

Study on drying methods and harvesting time of Gynura divaricata leaf based on main active constituents
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WU Yingru 1 ，2 ，LI Yuanyuan ，LI Ning ，GUO Dingding ，GUO Fugui ，LAN Zijun ，ZHAO Linru 1 ，2 ，NI Yan 2
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（1. Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering，Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese
Medicine，Taiyuan 030619，China；2. Institute of Chinese Medicine Prescriptions，Shanxi Academy of Chinese
Medicine，Taiyuan 030012，China）
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To determine the contents of main active constituents in Gynura divaricata leaf with different drying
methods and at different harvesting time，so as to confirm the best drying method and harvesting time. METHODS G. divaricata
leaf with different drying methods [drying in the shade，drying in the sun ，oven drying（60℃，70℃，80℃），microwave drying
and freeze drying] and different harvesting time （March to October） were prepared. The content of water-soluble extract was
determined by hot dip method. The contents of total flavonoids and polysaccharides were determined by ultraviolet-visible
spectrophotometry. The content of astragalin was determined by HPLC. Analytic hierarchy process was used for comprehensive
analysis. RESULTS The time of drying in the shade，drying in the sun，drying at 60 ℃，drying at 70 ℃，drying at 80 ℃，
microwave drying and freeze drying were 7 d，5 d，8 h，5 h，3.5 h，6 min and 1 d respectively. The average contents of
water-soluble extract in G. divaricata leaf were 55.98％，60.78％，52.33％，49.54％，46.87％，59.70％ and 58.24％；those of
total flavonoids were 3.27％，3.22％，1.99％，1.70％，1.31％，3.92％ and 2.28％；those of polysaccharides were 4.70％，6.09％，
6.48％，5.45％，5.74％，5.76％ and 7.15％；those of astragalin were 0.48％，0.46％，0.24％，0.23％，0.20％，0.48％，0.29％.
The comprehensive score of microwave drying was the highest，being 0.996 3. The average contents of water-soluble extract from
March to October were 41.50％，40.57％，39.16％，40.65％，40.68％，43.30％，45.19％ and 40.12％；those of total flavonoids
were 2.24％，2.81％，3.87％，3.92％，3.82％，3.93％，3.66％ and 3.25％；those of polysaccharides were 4.41％，4.61％，
4.98％，5.26％，5.75％，5.94％，5.32％ and 4.47％；those of astragalin were 0.20％，0.21％，0.25％，0.26％，0.25％，0.24％，
0.25％ and 0.21％，respectively. The comprehensive scores of
Δ 基金项目：山西省卫生健康委员会重点培育实验室建设计
samples collected from May to September exceeded 0.92，and
划——“四个一批”科技兴医创新计划项目（No.2020SYS09）；山西省
the comprehensive score in August was the highest（0.988 6）.
中药材、中药饮片地方标准研究项目（No.2012012A）；山西中医药大学
CONCLUSIONS Microwave-dried Gynura divaricata leaf has
中药药理与毒理研究学科建设项目（No.1008Z4）
the best quality，and the best harvesting time is from May to
＊硕士研究生。研究方向：中药制剂与质量分析。E-mail：
1925358270@qq.com September.
# 通信作者：主任药师，教授，硕士生导师。研究方向：中药化学 KEYWORDS Gynura divaricata leaf； drying methods；
及药效物质基础。电话：0351-4668028。E-mail：niyan_01@hotmail. harvesting time； water-soluble extract； total flavonoids；
com polysaccharides；astragalin；content determination

·1442 · China Pharmacy 2022 Vol. 33 No. 12 中国药房 2022年第33卷第12期