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·药物与临床·
来氟米特诱导的间质性肺炎文献分析 Δ
曾 江 ,王春江 ,吴洪文 ,杨志杰 ,兰 天 ,叶 超 (1.广西医科大学第四附属医院药学部,广西 柳州
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545005;2.中南大学湘雅三医院药学部,长沙 410013;3.长沙市第三医院药学部,长沙 410015)
中图分类号 R979.5 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2022)01-0079-05
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2022.01.14
摘 要 目的 研究来氟米特诱导的间质性肺炎(Lef-IP)的临床特征,为其临床诊治、预防提供参考。方法 收集 2004 年 1 月-
2021年6月国内公开发表的Lef-IP病例报告,提取患者相关信息(基本特征、临床表现、影像学表现、实验室检查结果、组织病理学
检查结果、治疗与转归等),进行回顾性分析。结果 共纳入24篇文献,包含54例Lef-IP患者,中位年龄61岁(9~83岁),肺部症状
出现在用药后3.3~132.9周(中位时间14.5周),给予来氟米特负荷剂量的患者出现肺部症状中位时间更短(7.5周)。患者主要的
临床表现为呼吸困难(占85.2%)、咳嗽(占57.4%)、发热(占53.7%);影像学检查中CT表现为双肺磨玻璃影的有19例,胸片表现
为双肺间质性浸润的有29例;血气分析可表现为低氧血症和低碳酸血症;C反应蛋白和涎液化糖链抗原水平增高;组织病理学检
查主要表现为间质性肺炎(8例),其中弥漫性肺泡损伤3例、支气管肺泡灌洗液出现淋巴细胞4例、非干酪性肉芽肿1例。停用来
氟米特并给予相应处理(抗菌药物、激素、考来烯胺、血浆置换)后,35 例(占 64.8%)患者肺部症状恢复正常或好转。12 例(占
22.2%)患者死亡,而与未发热患者(8.0%)相比,发热患者可能有更高的病死率(34.5%,P=0.02)。结论 Lef-IP的主要临床表现
为呼吸困难、咳嗽、发热。应该避免一开始就给予负荷剂量来氟米特治疗;当出现Lef-IP时,停用来氟米特并给予相应治疗,大部
分患者肺部症状可恢复正常或好转。
关键词 来氟米特;间质性肺炎;不良反应;文献分析
Literature analysis of leflunomide-induced interstitial pneumonia
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ZENG Jiang ,WANG Chunjiang ,WU Hongwen ,YANG Zhijie ,LAN Tian ,YE Chao(1. Dept. of Pharmacy,
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the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University,Guangxi Liuzhou 545005,China;2. Dept. of
Pharmacy,the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University,Changsha 410013,China;3. Dept. of
Pharmacy,the Third Hospital of Changsha,Changsha 410015,China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To study the clinical characteristics of leflunomide-induced interstitial pneumonia(Lef-IP),and to
provide reference for its clinical diagnosis,treatment and prevention. METHODS Lef-IP cases published in domestic and foreign
journals from January 2004 to June 2021 were collected. Relevant information of patients were extracted and analyzed
retrospectively, including basic characteristics,clinical manifestations,imaging manifestations,laboratory examinations,
histopathological examinations,treatment and outcome. RESULTS A total of 54 Lef-IP patients from case reports of 24 publications
were included,with a median age of 61 years(9-83 years). Pulmonary symptoms appeared from 3.3 weeks to 132.9 weeks(median
time of 14.5 weeks). Patients with a loading dose of leflunomide have a shorter median time to pulmonary symptoms appearing
(7.5 weeks). The main clinical manifestations were dyspnea(85.2%),cough(57.4%),fever(53.7%). CT imaging examination
showed 19 cases with ground-glass shadow in both lungs,and 29 cases showed interstitial infiltration in both lungs on chest
radiograph;blood gas analysis showed hypoxemia and hypocapnia;the levels of C-reactive protein and Krebs von Den lungen-6
(KL-6) increased;histopathological examination mainly showed interstitial pneumonia (8 cases),including 3 cases of diffuse
alveolar injury,4 cases of lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,and 1 case of noncaseating granuloma. After discontinued
leflunomide and symptomatic treatment(antibiotics,hormones,colecenamine,plasma exchange),35 patients(64.8%)recovered
or improved their lung symptoms. Twelve patients(22.2%)died,and patients with fever may had a higher mortality rate(34.5%,
P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS The main clinical manifestations of Lef-IP are dyspnea,cough and fever. Loading doses of leflunomide
should be avoided at the beginning of treatment. When lef-IP occurs,leflunomide is discontinued and corresponding treatment is
Δ 基金项目:广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会自筹经费科研项目 given,and most of the patients’pulmonary symptoms can
(No.Z20200492) return to normal or be improved.
*副主任药师,硕士。研究方向:临床药学。电话:0772-3815091。 KEYWORDS leflunomide;interstitial pneumonia;ADR;
E-mail:zengjiang1985@126.com literature analysis
# 通信作者:副主任药师,硕士。研究方向:临床药学。电话:
0731-85171341。E-mail:yechao1234256@163.com
中国药房 2022年第33卷第1期 China Pharmacy 2022 Vol. 33 No. 1 ·79 ·