Page 57 - 《中国药房》2022年1期

西洋参药材的等级标准及质量评价研究 Δ

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张 洋 ，蔡广知，刘小康，贡济宇（长春中医药大学药学院，长春 130117）
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中图分类号 R282 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408（2022）01-0051-07
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2022.01.09

摘 要 目的 建立西洋参药材的等级标准，并对不同等级药材的质量进行评价。方法 以24批西洋参药材为样本，采用Pearson
相关性分析方法对定性分析指标（主根长度、主根直径和单根药材质量）与内在成分指标（醇溶性浸出物及人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷
Re、人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Rc、人参皂苷Rb2、人参皂苷Rd、拟人参皂苷F11的含量）间的相关性进行分析，结合化学计量学方法筛
选出西洋参等级划分的参考指标，并制定等级划分标准。建立 24 批西洋参药材的高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测器
（HPLC-ELSD）指纹图谱并进行相似度评价，通过与对照品比对进行色谱峰的指认，然后结合聚类分析对不同等级西洋参药材进
行质量评价。结果 经筛选，确定主根直径、单根药材质量和人参皂苷Rd含量为西洋参药材等级划分的参考指标。根据上述3个
指标，将西洋参药材分为特等、一等和二等3个等级。根据K-均值聚类的中心值，算出特等药材的总得分＞135.40，一等药材的总
得分为61.82～135.40，二等药材的总得分＜61.82。从24批西洋参药材的HPLC-ELSD指纹图谱中，共确定了25个共有峰，并指认
了其中 7 个特征峰；特等、一等、二等西洋参药材的色谱图与对照指纹图谱的相似度分别为 0.980～0.989、0.962～0.968、0.940～
0.949。聚类分析结果显示，不同等级西洋参药材可被明显区分开。结论 本研究建立了西洋参药材的等级标准和HPLC-ELSD指
纹图谱，可应用于西洋参药材的专属鉴别，并为其质量控制及等级划分提供参考。
关键词 西洋参；等级标准；高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测器；质量评价；指纹图谱

Study on the grade standard and quality evaluation of Panax quinquefolium
ZHANG Yang，CAI Guangzhi，LIU Xiaokang，GONG Jiyu（School of Pharmacy，Changchun University of
Chinese Medicine，Changchun 130117，China）

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To establish the grade standard for Panax quinquefolium and to evaluate the quality of different grades
of medicinal materials. METHODS Totally 24 batches of P. quinquefolium were used as test samples. Pearson correlation analysis
method was used to analyze the correlation between qualitative analysis indicators（taproot length，taproot diameter and weight of
single root） and internal component indicators （ethanol-soluble extract，and the contents of ginsenoside Rg1，ginsenoside Re，
ginsenoside Rb1，ginsenoside Rc，ginsenoside Rb2，ginsenoside Rd，pseudo-ginsenoside F11）. Combined with chemometrics
methods，the reference indexes for the classification of P. quinquefolium were selected，and the classification standards were
formulated. HPLC-ELSD fingerprints of 24 batches of P. quinquefolium were established and their similarity evaluation was also
performed. The chromatographic peaks were identified by comparison with the reference substance，and then the quality of different
grades of P. quinquefolium was evaluated by cluster analysis. RESULTS After screening，taproot diameter，the weight of single
root and the content of ginsenoside Rd were taken as the reference indexes for the classification of P. quinquefolium. According to
above 3 indexes，P. quinquefolium were divided into 3 grades：special grade，first grade and second grade. According to the center
value of K-means clustering，the total score of special-grade medicinal materials was more than 135.40，that of first-grade
medicinal materials was 61.82-135.40，and that of second-grade medicinal materials was less than 61.82. In the HPLC-ELSD
fingerprints of 24 batches of P. quinquefolium，25 common peaks were confirmed，and 7 characteristic peaks were identified. The
similarity of the chromatograms of P. quinquefolium of special grade，first grade and second grade with fingerprints ranged
0.980-0.989，0.962-0.968，0.940-0.949，respectively. The results of cluster analysis showed that different grades of P. quinquefolium
could be identified significantly. CONCLUSIONS The grade standard and HPLC-ELSD fingerprints of P. quinquefolium are
established，which can be applied for exclusive identification of P. quinquefolium，and provide reference for its quality control and
grade classification.
Δ 基金项目：吉林省科技发展计划项目（No.20200404035YY）
＊硕士研究生。研究方向：中药分析与检测方法。E-mail： KEYWORDS Panax quinquefolium；grade standard；HPLC-
645430742@qq.com ELSD；quality evaluation；fingerprint
# 通信作者：教授，博士生导师，博士。研究方向：中药分析、中药
活性物质基础。E-mail：gjy0431@126.com

中国药房 2022年第33卷第1期 China Pharmacy 2022 Vol. 33 No. 1 ·51 ·