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Economic Evaluation of Dexamethasone Combined with Rituximab for the First-line Treatment of Chronic
Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia in Adults
WANG Yingcheng ,RUI Mingjun ,SHANG Ye ,MA Aixia (1. School of International Pharmaceutical
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Business,China Pharmaceutical University,Nanjing 211198,China;2. Center for Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation
Research,China Pharmaceutical University,Nanjing 211198,China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the economy performance of dexamethasone(DXM)combined with rituximab(RTX)
for the first-line treatment of chronic primary immune thrombocytopenia(ITP)in adults. METHODS:From the perspective of China’s
medical and health system,Markov model for eight states was constructed with a period of 4 weeks and a time limit of 20 years,
using DXM regimen as control. The cost-utility of DXM+RTX regimen for the treatment of chronic ITP in adults were evaluated.
The parameters of clinical efficacy and utility value were derived from own published literature;cost parameters were from the
MENET website and the official websites of local health committees and medical insurance bureaus;one-way sensitivity analysis,
probability sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis were performed to observe the uncertainty of model and data source.
RESULTS:The average cost of DXM+RTX regimen was 51 064 dollars and that of DXM regimen was 50 455 dollars. Compared
with DXM regimen,DXM+RTX regimen yielded an additional 0.14 QALYs for each patient;the incremental cost-effectiveness
ratio(ICER)was 4 356 dollars/QALY,and was lower than the willingness-to-pay threshold of China’s per capita gross domestic
product (GDP) in 2020. In the one-way sensitivity analysis,the cost of drugs was the main driver in the model. Probability
sensitivity analysis demonstrated that DXM+RTX regimen had 57.5%-61.0% probability of being cost-effective at a willingness-
to-pay threshold of 1-3 times per capita GDP in 2020. The results of scenario analysis showed that DXM+RTX regimen would have
obvious long-term benefits,and the utility value had little impact on the conclusion. CONCLUSIONS:DXM + RTX is more
economical than DXM in the treatment of chronic ITP in adults,but the results have the uncertainty.
KEYWORDS Pharmacoeconomic evaluation; Primary immune thrombocytopenia; Rituximab; Dexamethasone; First-line
treatment
[3]
原发免疫性血小板减少症(primary immune throm- 内,医疗花费可达21 290美元 。
bocytopenia,ITP)是一种获得性自身免疫性疾病,主要 ITP 的治疗主要针对正处于出血状态或有中、重度
特征为不明原因的外周血小板计数减少,发病原因多与 出血风险的患者,治疗方案以药物治疗为主。目前,有
[1]
血小板抗体有关 。ITP患者大多没有明显的临床症状, 关ITP的药物治疗分为一线、二线和三线治疗,患者因治
但是血小板计数越低,其外伤出血或自发性出血的风险 疗失败或出现不可耐受的不良反应后会转向下一线治
越高 。ITP在儿童中多起病急骤,而在成人中则通常呈 疗。一、二线治疗方案包括使用糖皮质激素、利妥昔单抗
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慢性发作。目前,关于 ITP 的系统流行病学调查研究多 (rituximab,RTX),或采用脾切除术治疗;三线用药主要包
集中于欧美地区,且尚无确切结果,我国也缺乏该病的 括维 A 酸联合达那唑和地西他滨等 。Gudbrandsdottir
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流行病学数据。一项美国的研究采用回顾性队列设计
等 的研究表明,地塞米松(dexamethasone,DXM)联合
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分析了 2010-2016 年两个私人医疗保健索赔数据库的
RTX一线治疗ITP的疗效较好。虽然目前RTX用于ITP
数据,结果显示,成人 ITP 的年发病率约为 6.1/10 万,且
治疗在我国尚属于超适应证用药,但《成人原发免疫性
0~4 岁儿童和 65 岁以上老年人群的发病率相对较高,
血小板减少症诊断与治疗中国指南(2020年版)》明确推
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女性发病率明显高于男性 。ITP 患者的死亡风险约为
荐可将其用于成人慢性 ITP 的治疗 ;美国血液学会
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普通人群的1.5倍 ,同时由于血小板的下降和对出血的
(American Society of Hematology,ASH)有关ITP诊断与
恐惧,患者的生活质量也明显受损 。此外,由于高昂的
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治疗的指南也推荐将糖皮质激素联合 RTX 用于成人慢
治疗成本,ITP 也给患者和社会带来了一定的经济负
性ITP的一线治疗 。由于目前尚未见国内有关ITP一
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担。法国的一项研究报告了 57 例 ITP 患者在 2005-
线治疗方案的卫生技术评估结果,故本研究从中国医疗
2006 年的疾病负担,所有入组患者的年均费用为 7 293
卫生体系角度出发,对 DXM 联合 RTX 一线治疗成人慢
欧元,其中病情严重者的年均费用可高达 26 581 欧
元 。美国的一项研究利用全国住院患者数据库对 性ITP的经济性进行了评价,以期为相关决策提供参考。
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2006-2012年ITP住院患者的费用进行了统计,结果显 1 资料与方法
示,患者年均治疗费用可达 16 594 美元,其中用于脾切 1.1 目标人群与对照选择
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除术和败血症治疗的花费较高 。另一项发表于 2016 本研究的目标人群为新诊断的成人慢性 ITP 患者,
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年的美国研究也显示,在患者新诊断为 ITP 的 12 个月 即血小板计数<25×10 L ,或血小板计数<50×10 L -1
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·3014 · China Pharmacy 2021 Vol. 32 No. 24 中国药房 2021年第32卷第24期