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Network Meta-analysis was performed by using Stata 16.0 software. RESULTS:A total of 29 literatures were included,involving
15 RCTs and 14 cohort studies. A total of 3 112 patients and 12 therapeutic regimens were involved,including twice IVIG,twice
IVIG+hormone,twice IVIG+ulinastatin,first IVIG,first time IVIG+hormone,first time IVIG+cyclosporine,first time IVIG+
etanercept,hormone,hormone+ulinastatin,ulinastatin,infliximab and placebo. The results of network Meta-analysis showed that
in terms of the incidence of coronary artery injury(CAL),twice IVIG+hormone was significant lower than hormone,and first
time IVIG+etanercept was significant lower than first time IVIG(P<0.05). The sorting results of network Meta-analysis showed
that area under cumulative ranking curve of CAL incidence in ascending order was hormone<ulinastatin<twice IVIG<first time
IVIG<first IVIG+hormone<twice IVIG+hormone<infliximab<first time IVIG+cyclosporin<first time IVIG+etanercept. In terms
of the incidence of ADR,compared with twice IVIG+hormone and hormone,twice IVIG and first time IVIG+etanercept were
decreased significantly;infliximab was significantly lower than hormone(P<0.05). The sorting results of network Meta-analysis
showed that area under cumulative ranking curve of ADR incidence in ascending order was hormone<twice IVIG+hormone<first
time IVIG+hormone<first time IVIG+cyclosporin<first time IVIG<twice IVIG<first time IVIG+etanercept<infliximab. In terms
of the serum level of CRP,compared with twice IVIG,twice IVIG+hormone,twice IVIG+ulinastatin and hormone were decreased
significantly;twice IVIG+hormone was significantly lower than first time IVIG;twice IVIG+ulinastatin were all significantly lower
than twice IVIG+hormone,hormone,hormone+ulinastatin,first time IVIG,first time IVIG+hormone and ulinastatin(P<0.05).
The sorting results of network Meta-analysis showed that area under cumulative ranking curve of serum CRP level in ascending
order was first time IVIG<first time IVIG+hormone<twice IVIG<hormone+ulinastatin<ulinastatin<infliximab<hormone<twice
IVIG+hormone<twice IVIG+ulinastatin. In terms of improving persistent fever duration,there was no statistical difference between
pairwise treatment measures(P>0.05). The sorting results of network Meta-analysis showed area under cumulative ranking curve
of persistent fever time in ascending order was first time IVIG<placebo<first time IVIG+cyclosporine<hormone<twice IVIG+
hormone<twice IVIG<ulinastatin<infamliximab. CONCLUSIONS:The first time IVIG+etanercept has the best effect in reducing
the incidence of CAL. Infliximab possesses a relatively low incidence of ADR and the best antipyretic effect. Twice IVIG +
ulinastatin has the best anti-inflammatory effect.
KEYWORDS Refractory Kawasaki disease;Drug therapeutic regimen;Network Meta-analysis;Efficacy;Safety
川崎病(Kawasaki disease,KD)也称为黏膜皮肤淋 KD),因此针对这部分患儿第 2 次给予 IVIG(2 g/kg)已
巴结综合征,是儿童期常见的血管炎之一。该病为自限 成为大多数医疗机构的常规选择方案 [9-10] 。但临床实践
性疾病,常伴有发热和急性炎症表现,其发病率与地域、 显示,仍约有一半接受第 2 次 IVIG 的 KD 患儿发热,使
种族有关,且在东亚地区儿童和世界其他地区的亚裔儿 得这些患儿发生 CAL 的风险更高 。《科学声明》推荐,
[11]
[1]
童中较高 。据相关数据显示,2018 年日本 5 岁以下儿 难治性 KD 的辅助治疗方案主要包括第 2 剂 IVIG、类固
[7]
[2]
童 KD 的发病率为 0.359% 。韩国 5 岁以下儿童 KD 的 醇激素、英夫利昔单抗、依那西普等 。本研究前期对难
发 病 率 由 2012 年 的 0.170% 上 升 至 2014 年 的 治性 KD 治疗药物进行检索后发现,环孢素、乌司他丁、
[3]
0.194% 。我国台湾地区2010年5岁以下儿童KD的年 甲氨蝶呤、环磷酰胺等也在临床中有所应用 [9,12] 。然而,
[4]
发病率为 0.082% 。一项基于北京市 45 家医院的流行 难治性 KD 治疗方案的循证证据较少,国内外也未有统
病学调查数据显示,北京市 5 岁以下儿童 KD 的发病率 一的标准治疗方案,现有药物治疗方案的有效性和安全
[5]
从2000年的0.041%增长至2004年的0.051% 。 性不一致 [13-14] ,且相关Meta分析多为两种治疗方案的直
在未经治疗的 KD 儿童中,约 20%的患儿会发生冠 接比较 [15-16] 。网状 Meta 分析结合了基于临床研究的直
状动脉瘤等心血管并发症,从而有可能引发冠状动脉闭 接和间接证据,对干预措施优势的评价具有较高的参考
塞和心脏缺血等不良结局 。目前,国内外KD的治疗均 价值,可为临床治疗决策提供最优的证据 。基于此,
[17]
[6]
遵从美国心脏协会(AHA)和美国儿科学会(AAP)的《川 本研究采用网状Meta分析的方法对《科学声明》中建议
崎病的诊断/治疗及远期管理的科学声明》(以下简称 的以及既往报道的IVIG、类固醇激素、肿瘤坏死因子α拮
“《科学声明》”),该申明将阿司匹林联合大剂量静脉注 抗剂(如英夫利昔单抗、依那西普)、钙调磷酸酶抑制剂
射免疫球蛋白(IVIG)作为 KD 初始治疗的主要方案 。 (如环孢素)、蛋白酶抑制剂(如乌司他汀)、氮芥类衍生
[7]
《川崎病冠状动脉病变的临床处理建议(2020 年修订 物(如环磷酰胺)等不同药物方案治疗难治性KD的有效
版)》推荐,在KD冠状动脉损伤(CAL)的抗凝治疗中,阿 性和安全性进行评价,旨在为临床实践提供循证医学
[8]
司匹林的剂量为 3~5 mg/(kg·d) 。虽然,IVIG 可显著 证据。
降低KD患儿严重后遗症的发生风险,但仍有约10%~ 1 资料与方法
20%的患儿在接受阿司匹林联合IVIG治疗的36 h后出 1.1 纳入标准
现持续或反复发热(这称为IVIG无反应型KD或难治性 1.1.1 研究类型 国内外公开发表的随机对照试验
·2026 · China Pharmacy 2021 Vol. 32 No. 16 中国药房 2021年第32卷第16期