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·药师与药学服务·
六安市城乡居民抗生素相关认知和自我用药行为调查 Δ
蒋嫣语 ,杨雅茹 ,程 静 (1.安徽医科大学卫生管理学院,合肥 230032;2.安徽医科大学第二附属医院药剂
2
1 #
1*
科,合肥 230601)
中图分类号 R978.1;R193.3 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2021)01-0098-06
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2021.01.18
摘 要 目的:了解安徽省六安市城乡居民抗生素相关认知水平和自我用药行为,探讨其影响因素,为促进抗生素的合理使用提
供参考。 方法:采用分阶段抽样法随机选取六安市684位18~80岁的城乡居民作为研究对象,采用自行编制的问卷进行入户调
查,调查内容包括一般人口学特征、抗生素相关认知水平、抗生素使用行为及相关影响因素等。结果:共获得有效问卷657份,应
答率为96.1%,其中来自城市305份、来自农村352份。657位调查对象中,男性占38.2%、女性占61.8%;年龄(50.30±13.26)岁;
受教育水平在小学及以下者占44.7%。7.8%的调查对象能正确认识到抗生素对病毒无效,12.6%知道抗生素耐药性,55.1%认为
频繁使用抗生素会降低细菌对其敏感性,23.1%表示知道处方药与非处方药的区别,58.0%可以说出至少1 种不需要使用抗生素
的情况。7个知识条目得分中,调查地区居民抗生素认知总分不超过3分者占75.3%;城市地区、受教育水平高的人群抗生素认知
水平更高。66.5%的调查对象在调查近1年内使用过抗生素,其中61.0%通过医师开具处方获得,50.7%到药店自行购买获得,有
13.1%同时使用了以上 2 种途径。在调查近 1 年内使用过抗生素的人群中,81.9%表示无需凭处方就能购买抗生素,超过半数
(53.8%)有过未咨询医师而自行使用抗生素的行为。在 657 位调查对象中,49.0%表示在服用抗生素时必须找医师开处方;
68.9%表示在服用抗生素时症状好转就停药,19.3%会为了增强疗效而自行加大服药剂量,28.3%在用药时会频繁更换药物。农
村地区的居民相比于城市居民更倾向于服用抗生素时由医师开处方[比值比(OR)=1.693,95%置信区间(CI)(1.191,2.407)]。认
知得分越高者服用抗生素时必须由医师开出处方的行为率越低[OR=0.882,95%CI(0.785,0.991)],也更倾向于症状好转就停
药[OR=1.163,95%CI(1.025,1.319)],男性更倾向于为增强疗效自行加大服药剂量[OR=1.841,95%CI(1.214,2.792)];认知得分
越高者越不倾向于为增强疗效而自行加大服药剂量[OR=0.894,95%CI(0.773,1.034)],也不倾向于频繁更换药物[OR=0.873,
95%CI(0.767,0.992)]。 结论:六安市城乡居民的抗生素相关认知水平亟待提高,合理的抗生素使用行为有待规范;单纯的抗生素
知识不必然与期望的合理用药行为相关。因此,除了针对居民合理用药的健康教育,还需营造促进抗生素合理使用的系统环境,
为居民提供多渠道的合理用药药事服务。
关键词 六安市;自我用药;抗生素;认知;行为
Investigation of Cognition and Self-medication Behavior of Antibiotics among Urban and Rural Residents
in Lu’an City
1
2
1
JIANG Yanyu ,YANG Yaru ,CHENG Jing(1.School of Health Management,Anhui Medical University,Hefei
230032,China;2. Dept. of Pharmacy,the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University,Hefei 230601,China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE:To know about the cognition level and self-medication behavior of antibiotics among urban and rural
residents in Lu’an city of Anhui province,and to investigate its influential factors and to provide reference for promoting rational
use of antibiotics. METHODS:Totally 684 urban and rural residents aged 18-80 years in Lu’an city were randomly selected as the
research objects by stage sampling method. A self-designed questionnaire was used for household survey,involving general
demographic characteristics, antibiotics related cognitive level, antibiotics use behavior and related influential factors, etc.
RESULTS:A total of 657 questionnaires were collected,with effective rate of 96.1% . Among them,305 were from urban
residents and 352 from rural residents. Among the 657 respondents,38.2% were male and 61.8% were female;their age was
(50.30±13.26)years old;44.7% of them were educated in primary school or below. 7.8% of the respondents correctly recognized
that antibiotics were not effective to the virus;12.6% knew antibiotic resistance;55.1% thought that frequent use of antibiotics
would reduce the sensitivity of bacteria to it;23.1% said they knew the difference between prescription drugs and over-the-counter
drugs;58.0% could tell at least one case of not using antibiotics. For 7 knowledge items,75.3% of the residents in the survey area
had a total score of less than 3;the cognition level of antibiotics was higher in urban areas and people with higher education level.
66.5% of the respondents had used antibiotics in the past one
Δ 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.71704003)
*硕士研究生。研究方向:基层抗菌药物管理。 电话:0551- year, of which 61.0% obtained antibiotics by prescription
65161220。E-mail:jyy_2090@163.com from doctors,50.7% purchased antibiotics by themselves in
# 通信作者:副教授,硕士生导师,博士。研究方向:基层抗菌药 pharmacies, and 13.1% used the above two ways both.
物管理。电话:0551-65161220。E-mail:jing_hp@sina.com Among the people who have used antibiotics in the past year,
·98 · China Pharmacy 2021 Vol. 32 No. 1 中国药房 2021年第32卷第1期