Page 55 - 2020年21期

藏药奥色折布的质量标准研究 Δ

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陈华林 ，徐 俊，蔡晓洋，陈 蓉，康晋梅，李 敏（成都中医药大学药学院，成都 611137）
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中图分类号 R282.5 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408（2020）21-2609-06
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2020.21.09

摘 要 目的：建立藏药奥色折布（习称“俄色果”）的质量标准，为其质量控制和资源的有效利用提供科学依据。方法：采用性状
观察、显微及薄层色谱（TLC）鉴别法对20批不同产地、不同基原的奥色折布药材进行定性分析；参照2015年版《中国药典》（四部）
通则中相应方法，分别进行水分、总灰分、浸出物含量的测定；建立高效液相色谱法（HPLC）同时测定奥色折布中6种黄酮类成分
（绿原酸、金丝桃苷、异槲皮苷、槲皮苷、根皮苷、槲皮素）的含量。结果：该药材呈倒卵形、类球形或椭圆形，表面呈红棕色至暗红
色，微皱缩；气微，味甘、酸、微涩。粉末显微特征清晰，石细胞单个散在或成群，果肉薄壁细胞中含草酸钙方晶、簇晶等。TLC结果
显示，在供试品色谱图中，与对照品（熊果酸）色谱相应位置上显相同颜色的荧光斑点。其水分、总灰分、浸出物的含量分别为
9.02％～11.39％、2.29％～3.35％、37.12％～58.41％。含量测定方法学考察显示，绿原酸、金丝桃苷、异槲皮苷、槲皮苷、根皮苷、槲
皮素分别在质量浓度为3.12～50、1.25～20、1.25～20、3.12～50、18.7～300、0.5～8 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好（r均不低于0.999 7）；
精密度、稳定性、重复性试验的 RSD 均小于 3.0％（n＝6）；平均加样回收率分别为 97.56％、98.28、106.14％、103.74％、98.37％、
98.76％，RSD 分别为 1.57％、1.62％、1.38％、1.99％、2.15％、2.31％（n＝6）。20 批奥色折布样品中上述 6 个成分含量范围分别
为 0.001 5％～0.028 8％、0.005 9％～0.022 0％、0.008 7％～0.030 4％、0.019 4％～0.048 5％、0.068 5％～0.199 8％、0.005 1％～
0.081 4％。结论：本研究建立的方法准确稳定，可用于奥色折布的质量控制。初步拟定奥色折布水分不得超过12％，总灰分不得
超过3.5％，浸出物不得少于40％（按干燥品计），根皮苷含量不得低于0.1％。
关键词 奥色折布；俄色果；质量标准；显微鉴别；薄层色谱；高效液相色谱法；黄酮类成分

Study on the Quality Standard of Tibetan Medicine Malus Fructus
CHEN Hualin，XU Jun，CAI Xiaoyang，CHEN Rong，KANG Jinmei，LI Min（School of Pharmacy，Chengdu
University of TCM，Chengdu 611137，China）

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE：To establish the quality standard of the Tibetan medicine Malus Fructus（known as the fruit of Ese），
and to provide scientific reference for quality control and utilization of resource. METHODS：The qualitative analysis of 20 batches
of Malus Fructus with different producing areas and different origins was carried out by morphological observation，microscopic
and TLC identification. According to the method stated in 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia，water content，total ash content
and extract content were determined. HPLC method was used to determine the contents of 6 kinds of flavones（chlorogenic acid，
hyperin，isoquercitrin，quercitin，phloridzin，quercetin）in Malus Fructus. RESULTS：The properties of this medicinal material
were obovate，spheroidal or oval，its surface was reddish brown to dark red，with slight shrinkage. Its taste was sweet，sour and
slightly astringent. The microscopic characteristics of the powder were clear，the stone cells were scattered individually or
clustered，and the pulp parenchyma cells contained calcium oxalate cube crystal and cluster crystal. The results of TLC showed that
there were fluorescent spots of the same color in the chromatogram of the tested product and the corresponding position of the
reference substance（ursolic acid）. The content ranges of moisture，total ash and extracts were 9.02％-11.39％，2.29％-3.35％，
37.12％ -58.41％ respectively. The linear ranges of chlorogenic acid，hyperin，isoquercitrin，，quercetin phlorizin and quercetin
were 3.12-50，1.25-20，1.25-20，3.12-50，18.7-300，0.5-8 μg/mL（all r were not less than 0.999 7）. RSDs of prescision，stability
and reproducibility tests were all lower than 3.0％（n＝6）. The average recoveries were 97.56％，98.28％，106.14％，103.74％，
98.37％ ，98.76％ ；RSDs were 1.57％ ，1.62％ ，1.38％ ，1.99％ ，2.15％ ，2.31％（n＝6）. The content ranges of the above
six components in 20 baches of samples were 0.001 5％-0.028 8％，0.005 9％-0.022 0％，0.008 7％-0.030 4％，0.019 4％-
0.048 5％，0.068 5％-0.199 8％ and 0.005 1％-0.081 4％. CONCLUSIONS：Established method is accurate and stable，and can be
used for quality control of Malus Fructus. It is preliminarily
Δ 基金项目：四川省科技计划项目（No.2020YFS0495）；“杏林学 proposed that moisture and total ash content should not exceed
者”学科人才科研提升计划（No.CXTD2018016）
12％ and 3.5％ ，and extract（by dry product）and phlorizin
＊硕士研究生。研究方向：中药品种、质量与资源。E-mail：
content should not be less than 40％ and 0.1％ respectively.
1159020313@qq.com
KEYWORDS Malus Fructus； Fruit of Ese； Quality
# 通信作者：教授。研究方向：中药品种、质量与资源。E-mail：
028limin@163.com standard；Microscopic identification；TLC；HPLC；Flavonoids

中国药房 2020年第31卷第21期 China Pharmacy 2020 Vol. 31 No. 21 ·2609 ·