Page 46 - 2020年17期

consecutive 56 days. After last administration，the liver，brain，kidney，spleen，heart and thymus indexes were determined. The
total antioxidant capacity（T-AOC），superoxide dismutase（SOD）activity，catalase（CAT）activity and MDA content in serum，
liver，brain and kidney were determined. RESULTS：Compared with blank group，organ indexes of rats in the model group were
decreased significantly（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）；T-AOC，SOD activity and CAT activity in serum，brain，liver and kidney tissue
were decreased significantly（P＜0.01），while MDA content increased significantly（P＜0.01）. Compared with model group，the
organ indexes of brain，liver and kidney，SOD activity in serum and kidney of fresh R. glutinosa group were not significantly
increased （P＞0.05）；kidney index，T-AOC in serum and brain，SOD activity in serum，liver and kidney tissue were not
significantly increased in the dried R. glutinosa group（P＞0.05）；kidney index，T-AOC in serum and cerebral tissue，SOD activity
in serum were not significantly increased in fresh R. glutinosa group（P＞0.05）；other organ indexes，T-AOC，SOD activity and
CAT activity in serum and tissues were increased significantly in other groups（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01），while MDA content in serum
and tissues were decreased significantly in all administration groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with fresh R. glutinosa
group，T-AOC in serum was decreased significantly in dried R. glutinosa group（P＜0.01），and there was no significant difference
in other indexes（P＞0.05）；kidney and spleen indexes of rats in Rehmanniae radix preparata group were increased significantly
（P＜0.05），T-AOC in renal tissue，SOD activity in serum，cerebral tissue and renal tissue，CAT activity in cerebral and liver
tissue were increased significantly（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01），while MDA in cerebral and liver tissue were significantly decreased（P＜
0.01）. CAT in cerebral tissue and liver tissue of rats in Rehmanniae radix preparata group were significantly higher than those in
positive control group （P＜0.01）. Compared with fresh R. glutinosa polysaccharide group，spleen and renal indexes of rats in
Rehmanniae radix preparata group were increased significantly（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01），T-AOC，SOD activity and CAT activity in
serum and cerebral，liver，renal tissues were increased significantly（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. T-AOC and CAT activity of cerebral，
liver and renal tissues in Rehmanniae radix preparata group were all significantly higher than those in positive control group（P＜
0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS：In the aspect of increasing organ index and improving the activity of antioxidant enzymes in
serum，cerebral，liver and renal tissues of aging model rats，Rehmanniae radix preparata is superior to fresh R. glutinosa and dried
R. glutinosa；R. glutinosa preparata polysaccharide is superior to fresh R. glutinosa polysaccharide. During ancient characteristic
processing of R. glutinosa，the change of polysaccharide can improve its anti-oxidation activity.
KEYWORDS Rehmanniae radix preparata；Ancient characteristic processing；Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharides；Antioxidant
ability；Rats

[6]
地黄为玄参科植物地黄（Rehmannia glutinosa Li- 艺 ，并对此工艺炮制的熟地黄的主要有效成分变化和
bosch.）的新鲜或干燥块根，常用饮片有鲜地黄、生地黄 补血药效进行了研究，发现通过该工艺制备的熟地黄不
和熟地黄。其中，鲜地黄味甘、苦，性寒，归心、肝、肾经， 仅达到“色如漆，甘如饴，亮如油”的传统标准，而且其补
[7]
具有清热生津、凉血、止血功效；生地黄味甘，性寒，归 血、抗衰老作用明显 。另有研究表明，熟地黄可以提高
[8]
心、肝、肾经，具有清热凉血、养阴生津功效；熟地黄味 大鼠的抗氧化能力 ，在加工炮制过程中其抗衰老作用
[9]
甘，性微温，归肝、肾经，具有补血滋阴、益精填髓功效， 有所增强 。在炮制过程中，地黄中多种成分含量均有
[11]
[10]
[1]
用于肝肾阴虚、须发早白等 。由此可知，鲜地黄炮制成 所降低 ，但多糖含量却升高 且伴随着结构 [12-13] 改变，
[15]
[14]
熟地黄后其补血益精填髓的功能有所增加。目前，2015 而地黄多糖具有提高机体免疫力 、抗肿瘤 、抗疲
[16]
[17]
年版《中国药典》（一部）以及各省市中药饮片炮制规范 劳 、抗氧化 等方面的作用，因此笔者推测熟地黄抗氧
收载的熟地黄均是以干地黄为原料，采用清蒸、酒蒸以 化作用可能与其多糖含量的升高有关。另有研究认为，
[18]
及酒炖等方法炮制而得。而干地黄目前是按照农副产 提高机体的抗氧化酶活性可以延缓衰老 。鉴于此，本
品进行管理，其加工方法的不统一和贮藏条件的不同易 研究在前期研究基础上，对以鲜地黄为原料的特色炮制
造成其质量参差不齐，从而导致用干地黄加工的熟地黄 熟地黄饮片及其多糖在大鼠体内的抗氧化作用进行考
不能达到传统质量标准的要求。 察，并考察地黄炮制过程中多糖变化对其抗氧化作用的
笔者前期查阅古代文献，发现地黄炮制品名称有 影响，为地黄炮制研究提供实验依据。
“鲜生部分、生干部分、干熟不分”的现象，唐代以前地黄 1 材料
蒸制均是由鲜地黄为原料经反复蒸晒炮制而成 [2-3] ，唐代 1.1 仪器
以后至清代也多次出现以鲜地黄为原料蒸晒熟地黄的 PT-3502G型酶标仪（北京普天新桥技术有限公司）；
记载 [4-5] ，这说明古代熟地黄炮制方法是以鲜地黄为原料 KQ-500DV型数控超声波清洗器（昆山市超声仪器有限
多次蒸晒。本实验室前期通过挖掘传统炮制技术，建立 公司）；JX-FSTPRP-48 型自动样品快速研磨仪（上海净
了由鲜地黄直接加工成熟地黄的特色炮制一体化工 信实业发展有限公司）；ZD-F/2型冷冻干燥机（南京载智

·2088 · China Pharmacy 2020 Vol. 31 No. 17 中国药房 2020年第31卷第17期