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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extraction technology of Senecio scandens,and to provide reference for the further
development and utilization of the medicinal material. METHODS:The method of reflux extraction with 80 ℃ water bath was used
to extract S. scandens. HPLC method was adopted to determine the contents of chlorogenic acid and hyperoside. The determination
was performed on Diamonsil C18 with mobile phase consisted of 0.2% glacial acetic acid water solution-methanol(82 ∶ 18,V/V)at
the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min;the column temperature was set at 35 ℃;the detection wavelength was 327 nm,and the sample size
was 5 μ L. UV-Vis spectrophotometry was used to determine the contents of total flavonoids(by rutin)and total alkaloids(by
matrine)and the detection wavelengths were set at 509 nm and 208 nm,respectively. Based on single factor tests,using ethanol
volume fraction(A,%),solvent folds(B,mL/g),extraction time(C,h),extraction times(D,times)as factors,using the
contents of chlorogenic acid,hyperoside,total flavonoids and total alkaloids as indexes,and the weight coefficients of above
indicator components were calculated based on information entropy weighting method so as to calculate their comprehensive scores,
then L9 (3)orthogonal design was used to further optimize the extraction technology. The validation tests were also performed.
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RESULTS:The optimal extraction technology of S. scandens included that 8-fold 50% ethanol,extracting for 3 times,lasting for
1.5 h each time. Results of 3 times of validation tests showed that RSDs of the contents of chlorogenic acid,hyperoside,total
flavonoids and total alkaloids were all lower than 1.5% (n=3). CONCLUSIONS:The optimized technology is reproducible,
stable and feasible,and can be used for the extraction of S. scandens.
KEYWORDS Senecio scandens;Information entropy weighting theory;Chlorogenic acid;Hyperoside;Total flavonoids;Total
alkaloids;Content;Orthogonal design;Extraction technology
千里光为菊科植物千里光(Senecio scandens Bu- 1 材料
ch.-Ham.)的干燥地上部分,主要含黄酮、生物碱、有机酸 1.1 仪器
类等化学成分,具有清热解毒、明目退翳、杀虫止痒、散 1260 型高效液相色谱(HPLC)仪、Cary 100 型双光
瘀消肿等功效,被广泛应用于各种急性炎症的治疗 [1-2] ; 束紫外-可见分光光度计(美国Agilent公司);SG-4050C
同时,千里光也是多种制剂如千柏鼻炎片、千里光眼药 型数显恒温水浴锅(上海硕光电子科技有限公司);
水、千喜片等的组方药材,因此其主要活性成分的提取 PX125DZH型电子天平[奥豪斯仪器(上海)有限公司]。
对其相关制剂的开发应用至关重要。已有研究采用总 1.2 药品与试剂
黄酮含量为单一评价指标筛选千里光提取工艺 ,然而 绿原酸对照品(批号:CHB170713,纯度:≥98%)、
[3]
中药是通过多成分、多靶点来发挥整体药效,加之中药 金丝桃苷对照品(批号:CHB160904,纯度:≥98%)、芦
成分种类众多、含量差异大,故采用单一指标评价提取 丁对照品(批号:CHB170303,纯度:≥98%)、苦参碱对
工艺优劣具有一定的片面性,应采用多指标成分来进行 照品(批号:CHB160907,纯度:≥98%)均购自成都克洛
工艺优化。另外,传统中药提取工艺在确定各评价指标 玛生物科技有限公司;甲醇为色谱纯,乙醇、冰醋酸等其
权重系数时通常采用主观赋值的方法来计算综合评分, 余试剂均为分析纯,水为纯净水。
客观性与科学性不足。信息熵是系统有序程度的度量, 千里光植物采自贵州省都匀市都匀经济开发区老
某个属性变异程度越大,系统越有序,则信息熵越小,权 鹰坡山坡上,采集时间为2019年6-9月,每月采集2次,
[4]
重系数越大;反之,则信息熵越大,权重系数小 。将信 每次随机采集生长良好的完整植株5株。采集植物经黔
息熵理论应用于系统评价,则可使结果不受研究者主观 南民族医学高等专科学校药学系中药教研室王传明副
影响,更具有客观性。基于此,本研究利用信息熵赋权 教授鉴定为菊科植物千里光(S. scandens Buch.-Ham.)
法评价千里光药材提取工艺优化过程中各指标的客观 的全草,样本保存在黔南民族医学高等专科学校中药标
权重系数,以期提高工艺优化的客观性和科学性。 本馆。取不同月份采集的千里光地上部分切段,55 ℃下
相关研究表明,千里光中主要有效成分为绿原酸、 烘干,粉碎成粗粉后混合均匀,备用。
金丝桃苷、总黄酮和总生物碱等,且在6-9月份采收的 2 方法与结果
药材中上述成分的含量较高 [5-6] 。因此,本研究以 6-9 2.1 溶液的制备
月采集的千里光药材为研究对象,以绿原酸、金丝桃苷、 2.1.1 对照品溶液 精密称取绿原酸对照品 6.55 mg、
4
总黄酮和总生物碱的含量为评价指标,采用 L9 (3)正交 金丝桃苷对照品 3.27 mg,置于同一个 25 mL 量瓶中,加
表进行试验设计,结合信息熵赋权法获得较客观的权重 70%甲醇溶解并定容,摇匀,即得绿原酸质量浓度为
系数并用以计算上述评价指标的综合评分,旨在优化得 0.262 0 mg/mL、金丝桃苷质量浓度为 0.130 8 mg/mL 的
到千里光的最佳提取工艺,为该药材的进一步开发利用 混合对照品溶液。精密称取芦丁对照品 8.10 mg、苦参
提供方法参考。 碱对照品 5.10 mg 分别置于 25 mL 量瓶中,加 70%乙醇
中国药房 2020年第31卷第12期 China Pharmacy 2020 Vol. 31 No. 12 ·1471 ·