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5.6 科学设定补偿标准                                            frequently asked questions[EB/OL].[2019-01-19].https://
            我国预防接种异常反应补偿标准各省间差异大、补                              www.hrsa.gov/vaccine-compensation/FAQ/index.html.
        偿水平低、补偿不充分的问题由来已久,由此产生的矛                           [ 8 ]  Federal Register. National Vaccine Injury Compensa-
        盾和纠纷也从未停止。为此,《疫苗管理法》第五十六条                               tion Program:revisions to the vaccine injury table[EB/
        第三款规定:“预防接种异常反应补偿范围、标准、程序                               OL].[2019-09-03]. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2015-
                                                                07-29/pdf/2015-17503.pdf.
        由国务院规定,省、自治区、直辖市制定具体实施办
                                                           [ 9 ]  HRSA. The National Vaccine Injury Compensation Pro-
        法”。该条款为我国建立全国统一的补偿体系奠定了基
                                                                gram(VICP)Division of Injury Compensation Programs
        础,各省补偿标准不统一的问题有望得到缓解。但考虑
                                                                Update(DICP)Advisory Commission on Childhood Vac-
        到我国还是发展中国家,经济发展地区不平衡现象依然
                                                                cines (ACCV) [EB/OL]. (2019-06-06) [2019-09-03].
        十分明显,因此不可能照搬美国的补偿标准并实行全国                                https://www.hrsa.gov/sites/default/files/hrsa/advisory-co-
        统一。所谓的补偿标准统一应是指补偿金计算公式或                                 mmittees/vaccines/meetings/2019/06062019-dicp-update.
        方法一致,公式中的变量(如城镇居民人均可支配收入、                               pdf.
        职工平均工资等)还应参照各省经济发展水平而定,变                           [10]  USCFC. Guidelines for practice under the National Vac-
        量的选择将直接决定申请人最终可获得补偿金额的多                                 cine Injury Compensation Program of the office of special
        少。建议参照我国最高人民法院《关于审理人身损害赔                                masters[EB/OL].[2019-08-22]. http://www.uscfc.uscourts.
        偿案件适用法律若干问题的解释》(法释〔2003〕20号)规                           gov/sites/default/files/GUIDELINES%20FOR%20PRAC-
        定的人身损害赔偿标准,科学设定补偿金计算参数和补                                TICE%20%208.22.2019.pdf.
        偿费用类型。在疫苗补偿基金运作良好的情况下,可考                           [11]  HRSA. National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program
                                                                data report[EB/OL].[2019-09-03]. https://www.hrsa.gov/
        虑将精神损害也纳入补偿范围,进一步提高补偿水平。
                                                                vaccine-compensation/data/index.html.
            综上所述,预防接种异常反应补偿制度是确保《疫
                                                           [12]  DRAKE B,TIEMAN AM. National Childhood Vaccine
        苗管理法》落地的基础制度,对疫苗行业的发展和社会
                                                                Injury Act of 1986:using tax revenues to assure vaccine
        秩序的稳定起着举足轻重的作用,需要在后续实施过程
                                                                availability[J]. Public Budgeting Financ,1994,14(2):54-
        中加以改进和完善。                                               64.
        参考文献                                               [13]  JOHNSON JMT. Use of expert testimony,specialized deci-

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        中国药房    2020年第31卷第10期                                            China Pharmacy 2020 Vol. 31 No. 10  ·1165  ·
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