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医院药学人员新型冠状病毒感染的暴露防护对策 Δ
闫盈盈 1,2* ,袁晓宁 ,杨毅恒 ,杨 丽 ,刘 芳 ,翟所迪 ,赵荣生 (1.北京大学第三医院药剂科,北京
1,2 #
3
1,2
1,2
1,2
1,2
100191;2.北京市药学质量控制与改进中心,北京 100191;3.北京大学第三医院医院感染管理科,北京
100191)
中图分类号 R183;R184 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2020)05-0523-05
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2020.05.03
摘 要 目的:为医院药学人员新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)感染的暴露防护提供参考。方法:根据医务人员防护相关指南的推
荐,结合新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情特点和防控管理的要求,基于暴露防护的基本原则,对医院药学人员工作岗位实际存
在的感染暴露风险进行评估,并构建COVID-19疫情下医院药学人员暴露防护对策。结果:经遵循标准预防原则和感染暴露风险
评估,医院药学工作岗位大部分属于低风险暴露岗位,仅个别岗位属于中、高风险暴露岗位。应根据不同药学岗位暴露风险级别,
视工作需要配备个人防护用品。同时应强化人员的感染防护培训,做好工作环境和设施的清洁消毒。结论:COVID-19 疫情期
间,医院药学人员应践行标准预防原则,基于医院药学的工作岗位特点和暴露风险,按照药学部门确定的暴露风险级别和相关的
管理规定进行个人防护,避免过度防护或防护不足,从而保障顺利、安全地开展药学服务。
关键词 新型冠状病毒;新型冠状病毒肺炎;医院药学人员;暴露防护
Exposure Protection Countermeasures for Novel Coronavirus Infection in Hospital Pharmaceutical Staff
YAN Yingying ,YUAN Xiaoning ,YANG Yiheng ,YANG Li ,LIU Fang ,ZHAI Suodi ,ZHAO Rongsheng 1,2
1,2
1,2
1,2
1,2
3
1,2
(1.Dept. of Pharmacy,Peking University Third Hospital,Beijing 100191,China;2.Beijing Pharmacy Center for
Quality Control and Improvement,Beijing 100191,China;3.Dept. of Hospital Infection Prevention and Control,
Peking University Third Hospital,Beijing 100191,China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for exposure protection countermeasures for Novel coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2)
infection in hospital pharmaceutical staff. METHODS:According to the recommendations of related medical staff protection
guideline,combined with the characteristics and prevention and control requirements of novel coronavirus pneumonia(COVID-
19),based on the basic principle of exposure protection,actual exposure risk of infections for hospital pharmaceutical staff were
evaluated, and the countermeasures for exposure protection were constructed under the epidemic condition of COVID-19.
RESULTS:According to the standard prevention principle and the risk evaluation of infection exposure,most of the pharmaceutical
posts in the hospital belonged to low-risk exposure posts,and only a few posts belonged to medium-and high-risk exposure posts.
Personal protective equipment should be provided according to the exposure risk level of different pharmaceutical posts and work
demand. At the same time,infection protection training should be strengthened;environment and facilities in pharmacy should be
cleaned and disinfected. CONCLUSIONS:Standard prevention principle should be followed by hospital pharmaceutical staff during
epidemic period. Based on the characteristics and exposure risks of pharmacy posts,and according to the regulations of the
hospital,personal protection for hospital pharmaceutical staff should be conducted according to the exposure risk level determined
by the pharmaceutical department and relevant management regulations to avoid over-protection or inadequate protection,so as to
ensure the smooth and safe development of pharmaceutical care.
KEYWORDS Novel coronavirus;COVID-19;Hospital pharmaceutical staff;Exposure protection
自 2019 年 12 月以来,湖北省武汉市暴发新型冠状 为急性呼吸道传染病已纳入《中华人民共和国传染病防
[2]
病毒(SARS-CoV-2)感染,并迅速蔓延至全国其他地区, 治法》规定的乙类传染病,按照甲类传染病管理 。目
截至2020年2月28日,已在我国造成78 959例患者感染, 前,该病的传染源主要是SARS-CoV-2感染的患者,隐性
2 791 例患者死亡 。新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)作 感染者也可能成为传染源。呼吸道飞沫传播和密切接
[1]
触者传播是该病的主要传播途径,在相对封闭的环境中
Δ 基金项目:国家科技重大专项课题(No.2017ZX09304012)
长时间暴露于高浓度气溶胶的情况下,也存在经气溶胶
*主管药师,博士。研究方向:临床药学、循证药物评价。电话:
传播的可能;且人群普遍易感,平均潜伏期为5.2 d,流行
010-82266682。E-mail:yanyingying89@163.com
初期基本再生数(R0 )为2.2 [2-5] 。
# 通信作者:主任药师,教授,硕士生导师,博士。研究方向:临床
药学、循证药学、临床药物治疗评价等。电话:010-82265810。E-mail: 医务人员是 COVID-19 感染的高危人群,武汉大学
zhaorongsheng@ bjmu.edu.cn 中南医院对连续收治确诊的138例患者的临床特征进行
中国药房 2020年第31卷第5期 China Pharmacy 2020 Vol. 31 No. 5 ·523 ·