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·循证药学·
仑卡奈单抗治疗早期阿尔茨海默病的快速卫生技术评估
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沙 翩 ,王晓杰,王 涛(徐州医科大学附属医院药学部,江苏 徐州 221004)
中图分类号 R972;R965 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2026)04-0504-06
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2026.04.16
摘 要 目的 综合评估仑卡奈单抗在早期阿尔茨海默病(AD)治疗中的有效性、安全性及经济性,为临床决策提供依据。方法
系统检索 PubMed、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据、Embase及主要卫生技术评估(HTA)机构官网,纳入截至2025年10月发
表的仑卡奈单抗随机对照试验、药物经济学研究、Meta分析/系统评价和HTA报告。依据预设标准筛选文献,经方法学评估、提取
数据后进行定性综合分析。结果 共纳入6项研究,包括3项随机对照试验和3项药物经济学研究。有效性方面,与安慰剂相比,
仑卡奈单抗可显著延缓认知衰退27%,使日常活动能力下降幅度减缓37%,并显著降低脑内淀粉样蛋白水平。安全性方面,仑卡
奈单抗组淀粉样蛋白相关影像异常(ARIA)发生率高于对照组,其中脑水肿或渗出发生率为12.6%(安慰剂组1.7%),脑微出血或
含铁血黄素沉积发生率为17.3%(安慰剂组9.0%)。经济性方面,仑卡奈单抗相比标准治疗方案的增量成本-效果比高于美国常用
支付意愿阈值(50 000~150 000 美元/QALY)。结论 仑卡奈单抗在早期 AD 治疗中具有显著的认知保护作用,但存在较高的
ARIA风险和经济负担。
关键词 仑卡奈单抗;早期阿尔茨海默病;淀粉样蛋白相关影像异常;经济性
Rapid health technology assessment of lecanemab in the treatment of early-stage Alzheimer’s disease
SHA Pian,WANG Xiaojie,WANG Tao(Dept. of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical
University, Jiangsu Xuzhou 221004, China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To comprehensively evaluate the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of lecanemab in the
treatment of early-stage Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and to provide evidence-based guidance for clinical decision-making.
METHODS A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, Embase, and the official websites of leading
health technology assessment (HTA) agencies was conducted for randomized controlled trials, pharmacoeconomic studies, meta-
analyses/systematic reviews, and HTA reports on lecanemab published up to October 2025. After screening against predefined
eligibility criteria, methodological quality was appraised with validated tools, relevant data were extracted, and the findings were
synthesized qualitatively. RESULTS A total of 6 studies were included, consisting of 3 randomized controlled trials and 3
pharmacoeconomic evaluations. In terms of efficacy, lecanemab significantly slowed cognitive decline by 27% compared to
placebo, reduced the decline in daily activity ability by 37%, and markedly reduced intracerebral amyloid levels. Regarding safety,
the incidence of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) was higher in the lecanemab group than in the control group, with
the incidence of edema/effusion of 12.6% (vs. 1.7% in the placebo group), and the incidence of hemorrhage/hemosiderin
deposition of 17.3% (vs. 9.0% in the placebo group). Economically, the estimated incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of lecanemab
compared with standard treatment exceeded commonly used willingness-to-pay thresholds in the United States (USD 50 000-150
000 per QALY). CONCLUSIONS Lecanemab confers significant cognitive protection in early-stage AD; however, it is associated
with a relatively high risk of ARIA and economic burden.
KEYWORDS lecanemab; early-stage Alzheimer’s disease; amyloid-related imaging abnormalities; cost-effectiveness
[1]
阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)是最常见 担 。脑内β-淀粉样蛋白(amyloid β-protein,Aβ)异常聚
的进行性神经退行性疾病,占全球约 5 500 万痴呆病例 集形成的斑块,被视为AD的核心病理驱动因素,“Aβ假
的 60%~70%,给患者、家庭和社会带来了沉重的负 说”也因此成为抗淀粉样蛋白疗法的理论基石 。常见
[2]
Δ 基金项目 江苏省新药与临床药学重点实验室开放研究课题计 的药物干预局限于缓解 AD 的症状,如胆碱酯酶抑制剂
划(No.KFKT-2314) (如多奈哌齐、加兰他敏、利伐斯的明)和N-甲基-D-天冬
*第一作者 主管药师,硕士。研究方向:临床药学。E-mail:
氨酸受体拮抗剂(如美金刚),虽可短暂改善患者认知,
18361230440@163.com
[3]
却无法阻断疾病进展 。临床常将多奈哌齐与美金刚联
# 通信作者 主任药师,博士。研究方向:药物基因组学与个体化
[4]
用药。E-mail:Misswt2011@126.com 用,部分研究提示其联合疗效优于单药 ,但该疗法仍未
· 504 · China Pharmacy 2026 Vol. 37 No. 4 中国药房 2026年第37卷第4期

