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医疗机构麻醉药品专档管理及风险预警系统的构建和应用
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唐平秀 ,杨 强,张询研,袁 琳(遂宁市中心医院药学部,四川 遂宁 629000)
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中图分类号 R971+.2;R954 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2026)01-0083-05
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2026.01.15
摘 要 目的 构建麻醉药品专档管理及风险预警系统,推动医疗机构麻醉药品精细化管理。方法 通过合理用药系统,集成以患
者为索引的麻醉药品用药档案信息,构建疼痛评估、剂量快速滴定模块,建立处方前置审核风险预警模型,并对系统构建前(2023
年1-7月)和稳定运行后(2024年1-7月)患者退回药品数量、麻醉药品滥用相关不良事件干预数量、患者和医师满意度以及患
者用药依从性进行统计分析。结果 麻醉药品专档管理及风险预警系统构建后,除吗啡片外,患者退回的其他麻醉药品数量均较
系统应用前减少。麻醉药品滥用相关不良事件的干预数量由0例增加为5例。患者疼痛控制满意度由46.25%提高到67.50%,依
从性差的患者占比由23.75%降为7.50%,医师总体满意度为72.41%。结论 麻醉药品专档管理及风险预警系统的构建,能够精细
化管理麻醉药品,并对超常处方进行预警,减少患者麻醉药品囤积,及时发现和干预麻醉药品滥用相关不良事件,提高医师诊疗效
率和治疗精准性,也提升了患者疼痛控制满意度和用药依从性。
关键词 医疗机构;麻醉药品;专档管理;风险预警;癌痛
Construction and application of specialized file management and risk warning system for narcotic drugs in
medical institutions
TANG Pingxiu,YANG Qiang,ZHANG Xunyan,YUAN Lin(Dept. of Pharmacy, Suining Central Hospital,
Sichuan Suining 629000, China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To construct specialized file management and risk warning system for narcotic drugs, and promote
the refined management of narcotic drugs in medical institutions. METHODS Through the rational medication management system,
patient-indexed narcotic drug medication record information was integrated, pain assessment and rapid dose titration modules were
constructed, and a prescription pre-review risk warning model was established. Statistical analysis was conducted on the number of
drugs returned by patients, interventions for adverse events related to narcotic drug abuse, patient and physician satisfaction, and
patient medication adherence before the system was constructed (January-July 2023) and after its stable operation (January-July
2024). RESULTS After the construction of the system, the number of narcotic drugs returned by patients decreased, except for
Morphine tablets. The number of interventions for adverse events related to narcotic drug abuse increased from 0 to 5 cases. The
patients’ satisfaction with pain control increased from 46.25% to 67.50%, the proportion of patients with poor adherence decreased
from 23.75% to 7.50%, and the overall satisfaction of physicians was 72.41%. CONCLUSIONS The construction of a specialized
file management and risk warning system for narcotic drugs enables refined management of narcotic drugs, provides alerts for
abnormal prescriptions, reduces patient stockpiling of narcotic drugs, allows timely detection and intervention of adverse events
related to narcotic drug abuse, improves physician treatment efficiency and precision, and enhances patient pain control satisfaction
and medication adherence.
KEYWORDS medical institutions; narcotic drugs; specialized file management; risk warning; cancer pain
麻醉药品是我国依法依规实行特殊管理的药品,其 用易产生依赖性、成瘾性,若流入非法渠道则会造成严
作用具有两重性:一方面具有很强的镇痛镇静等作用, 重社会危害甚至导致违法犯罪 。
[1]
是临床诊疗必不可少的药品;另一方面不规范地连续使 美国、英国等发达国家和国际麻醉品管制局等相关
机构已经建立较为完善的麻醉药品管理模式 [2―3] 。我国
Δ 基金项目 四川省医学青年创新科研课题(No.Q21084) 药监部门 2007 年 9 月基本建成全国特殊药品监控信息
*第一作者 主管药师,硕士。研究方向:临床药学。E-mail:
网络,实现了对麻醉药品生产、购买、销售、存放及流向
pxtang123@163.com
[4]
的实时监控 ,但该网络并未覆盖到医疗机构使用环节,
# 通信作者 副主任药师,硕士。研究方向:临床药学、药学信息
[5]
化。E-mail:ada_yuanlin@163.com 麻醉药品一旦流出流通企业,监控就进入死角 。2019
中国药房 2026年第37卷第1期 China Pharmacy 2026 Vol. 37 No. 1 · 83 ·

