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includes core rotations, elective rotations, and longitudinal training components. Assessment is conducted through a combination of
          formative and summative evaluations, with results categorized into four proficiency levels. In China, there is only one training base
          currently  for  emergency  clinical  pharmacist  specialty  training  with  an  annual  enrollment  of  three  trainees.  Applicant  eligibility
          primarily  involves  requirements  regarding  academic  degree,  professional  background,  years  of  experience,  and  professional  title.
          The  training  content  covers  four  domains:  general  competency,  clinical  theoretical  knowledge  and  skills,  pharmacological
          knowledge  and  application,  and  clinical  medication  practice  skills.  The  training  process  centers  on  rotations  within  emergency
          departments.  Assessment  methods  include  theoretical  examinations,  daily  performance  evaluations,  and  final  completion
          assessments.  CONCLUSIONS  PGY2  EM  residency  programs  in  the  United  States  emphasize  inclusivity  and  professionalism  in
          their  implementation.  Program  admission  involves  a  rigorous  selection  process,  and  they  offer  attractive  incentive  structures  for
          trainees.  The  training  content  focuses  on  competency-based  approaches  and  pragmatic  applicability,  while  assessment  methods  are
          closely  aligned  with  defined  competence  objectives.  In  contrast,  specialist  clinical  pharmacist  training  in  emergency  medicine  in
          China is currently in the exploratory and nascent stages. Admission criteria tend to be less stringent, and incentives for trainees are
          often insufficient. The training content appears relatively stereotyped and superficial, with assessment methods still primarily reliant
          on  quantifiable  metrics.  In  expanding  and  popularizing  China’s  emergency  specialist  clinical  pharmacist  training  programs,  it  is
          essential  to  draw  on  advanced  experiences  from  developed  countries  like  the  United  States,  particularly  in  areas  such  as  training
          base  distribution,  application  requirements,  training  content,  and  assessment  methods.  Aligned  with  the  realities  of  emergency
          clinical practice in China, efforts should focus on enhancing program accessibility and training efficacy.
          KEYWORDS    clinical pharmacist; emergency department; specialty training program; PGY2



              从2002年我国提出建立临床药师制开始,为提高临                       等资料与数据;通过 PubMed、Web of Science 等英文数
          床药师的专业水平和胜任力,我国广泛开展专科临床药                           据库,以(“PGY2 residency”OR“Postgraduate Year 2”)
          师培训工作。截至2023年,全国已建立临床药师培训基                         AND(“Emergency  Medicine”OR“Critical  Care”)、
                                       [1]
          地 304 家,开设 20 个专科培训专业 。急诊临床药学服                    (“ASHP”AND“Pharmacy Residency”)为检索式进行主
          务在急诊医疗服务体系中发挥着重要作用,其具有响应                           题检索,检索时限设定为 2015 年 5 月-2025 年 5 月,经
                                          [2]
          迅速、多学科协同、高度专业化等特点 。但我国的急诊                          筛选、梳理获取相关文献 148 篇。将 ASHP 发布的美国
          专科临床药师培训开展得相对较晚,2023年才作为新增                         急诊PGY2培训项目的培训机构名录有关数据录入Ex‐
          专业列入培训招生计划,尚未形成体系与规模。现阶                            cel软件进行统计分析,对个别缺失信息通过检索培训机
          段,专业化的急诊专科临床药师队伍匮乏一定程度上制                           构官网进一步搜集、补充;确实无法获取的,注明信息缺
          约了我国急诊医疗服务体系的高质量发展。                                失;并以此为基础,呈现项目开展整体情况。利用NVivo
              美国临床药学服务与专科临床药师培训较为成熟                          软件对所获文献进行编码、归类与主题分析,建立项目
          和规范。2021年,美国卫生系统药师协会(American So‐                  申请条件、项目内容与实施、项目考核与评估3个核心分
          ciety of Health-System Pharmacists,ASHP)修订了《急诊     析维度,据此对所获文献及资料加以分析、比较与归纳,
          药师服务指南》(ASHP Guidelines on Emergency Medi‐         用以呈现项目具体情况。
          cine Pharmacist Services),为美国各类医院和健康系统             1.1 项目开展整体情况
          开展、优化急诊药学服务(emergency medicine pharma‐                 截至2025年5月15日,美国ASHP官方公布的急诊
                                                [3]
          cist services,EMPS)提供了框架和操作建议 。另外,                 PGY2培训项目共计115个,提供专科药师培训岗位120
          ASHP 主导的美国急诊 PGY2(postgraduate year two)培          个,培训周期均为1年。项目认证状态方面,处于认证完
          训项目为其急诊药学服务提供了充足且专业的临床药                            成(accredited)状态的96个(83%),处于候选(candidate)
          师人力资源保障。基于此,本文对中美两国急诊专科临                           状态的 7 个(6%),处于认证前(pre-candidate)状态的 11
          床药师培训项目开展比较研究,旨在为我国急诊专科临                           个(10%),处于有条件认证(conditional)状态的 1 个
          床药师培训的进一步优化和完善提供借鉴思路。                             (1%),以上几类认证状态下均可正常招生。地区分布
          1 美国急诊PGY2培训项目介绍                                   方面,115 个项目分布在全美 35 个州,项目数最多的为
              本文通过检索 ASHP 官网(https://www.ashp.org),          佛罗里达州和北卡罗来纳州,各12个。从项目所在城市
          获取美国急诊 PGY2 培训项目的培训机构名录、教育标                        来看,有15个项目处在美国一线城市,20个处在区域枢
                                                                                     [4]
          准等资料与数据;通过检索美国急诊 PGY2 培训项目部                        纽城市,80个处在中小城市 。培训机构类型方面,有7
          分培训机构官网获取该项目介绍、教育内容、师资配备                           个机构信息缺失,无法判断;其余机构中,45 个为医院


          中国药房  2025年第36卷第23期                                              China Pharmacy  2025 Vol. 36  No. 23    · 2907 ·
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