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·综述·
地黄在糖尿病肾病中的药理作用机制研究进展
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牛 娣 ,陈瑞芳 ,黄新蒙 ,李畅畅 ,周寒松 ,庞欣欣 [1.河南中医药大学第二临床医学院,郑州 450011;
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2.河南省中医院(河南中医药大学第二附属医院)肾病科,郑州 450002]
中图分类号 R965;R285 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2025)23-2995-06
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2025.23.20
摘 要 糖尿病肾病(DKD)是糖尿病最常见且最严重的微血管并发症之一,目前尚缺乏有效延缓其进展的治疗手段。中医药治
疗DKD历史悠久,具有独特优势。地黄作为传统中药,在临床和现代药理学研究中显示出对DKD的治疗潜力。本文整合地黄在
DKD中药理作用机制的相关研究后发现,地黄主要活性成分(梓醇、地黄苷D、桃叶珊瑚苷、毛蕊花糖苷、红景天苷、松果菊苷、地
黄多糖)、地黄提取物及相关中药复方(六味地黄丸、参芪地黄汤、肾气丸等)可通过干预晚期糖基化终末产物(AGE)/AGE受体、核
因子κB、转化生长因子β1/Smad等多条通路,发挥改善DKD代谢紊乱与氧化应激,抑制肾脏炎症与纤维化进程,调控凋亡、铁死亡
等细胞死亡方式与细胞自噬,并重塑肠道菌群的多重作用,改善理化指标及肾脏组织病理损伤,进而延缓DKD进展。
关键词 糖尿病肾病;地黄;梓醇;毛蕊花糖苷;地黄多糖;作用机制
Research progress on the pharmacological mechanism of Rehmannia glutinosa in diabetic kidney disease
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NIU Di ,CHEN Ruifang ,HUANG Xinmeng ,LI Changchang ,ZHOU Hansong ,PANG Xinxin [1. Second
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Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450011, China;2. Dept. of
Nephrology, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (the Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan
University of Chinese Medicine), Zhengzhou 450002, China]
ABSTRACT Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common and harmful microvascular complications of diabetes,
and there is currently a lack of effective treatment methods to delay its progression. Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history
of treating DKD and offers unique advantages. As a traditional Chinese medicine, Rehmannia glutinosa has shown potential in the
treatment of DKD in clinical and modern pharmacological research. After integrating relevant research on the pharmacological
mechanism of R. glutinosa in treating DKD, it has been found that the main active components of R. glutinosa, such as catalpol,
rehmannioside D, aucubin, verbascoside, salidroside, echinacoside and R. glutinosa polysaccharides, along with its extracts and
compounds (such as Liuwei dihuang pills, Shenqi dihuang decoction, and Shenqi pills), can exert multiple effects by intervening
in various signaling pathways, including advanced glycation end product (AGE)/receptor for AGE, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-
κB), and transforming growth factor- β1 (TGF- β1 )/Smads. These effects include ameliorating metabolic disorders and oxidative
stress in DKD, inhibiting the processes of renal inflammation and fibrosis, regulating cell death modalities including apoptosis and
ferroptosis, as well as autophagy, and reshaping the gut microbiota. Consequently, it can improve physical and chemical indices
and renal tissue pathological damage, thus delaying the progression of DKD.
KEYWORDS diabetic kidney disease; Rehmannia glutinosa; catalpol; verbascoside; Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharides;
mechanism of action
糖尿病肾病(diabetic kidney disease,DKD)是糖尿 病率的不断上升,DKD的发病率也逐年增加。据统计,
病最常见且最严重的微血管并发症之一,临床特征为持 30%~50%的糖尿病患者会发展为DKD,该病已成为全
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续性蛋白尿和进行性肾功能下降 。随着糖尿病全球患 球慢性肾脏病和终末期肾病的主要病因,给社会公共卫
[2]
生带来了重大挑战 。目前,DKD的发病机制尚未完全
Δ 基金项目 国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.82574990);河南省
医学科技攻关计划项目(No.SBGJ202403050);河南省“三个100”计划- 阐明,可能涉及代谢紊乱、血流动力学异常、氧化应激、
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河南省医学科技人才海外研修项目(No.HNMOT2024066);河南省第 炎症反应及遗传易感性等多个方面 。尽管目前有肾
三批中医药学科拔尖人才项目(No.豫卫中医药科教函〔2025〕14号) 素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统抑制剂、钠-葡萄糖耦联转运
*第一作者 硕士研究生。研究方向:中西医结合防治肾脏病。
体 2 抑制剂、胰高血糖素样肽-1 受体激动剂和非甾体类
E-mail:15515673725@163.com
盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂等药物应用于 DKD 的临床治
# 通信作者 副主任医师,硕士生导师,博士。研究方向:中西医结
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合防治肾脏病。E-mail:doctorpang@aliyun.com 疗 ,但依然缺乏能够有效延缓其疾病进展的手段,因此
中国药房 2025年第36卷第23期 China Pharmacy 2025 Vol. 36 No. 23 · 2995 ·

