Page 113 - 《中国药房》2025年13期
P. 113

非离子型碘造影剂致患者死亡43例文献分析
                                                                               Δ


                *
                                               #
          田洪星 ,田洪艳,李 韬,闫 婉,李 悦(贵阳市妇幼保健院药学部,贵阳 550003)
          中图分类号  R981+.1;R969.3      文献标志码  A      文章编号  1001-0408(2025)13-1655-06
          DOI  10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2025.13.17


          摘  要  目的  分析非离子型碘造影剂致患者死亡的特点和影响因素,并提出安全用药建议,为临床用药提供参考。方法  检索中
          国知网、万方医学、维普网、PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、Embase、SpringerLink数据库,收集非离子型碘造影剂致患
          者死亡的病例报道,统计并分析其致患者死亡的特点和影响因素。结果  共检索到非离子型碘造影剂致患者死亡43例,男性21例
         (48.84%)、女性22例(51.16%);死亡患者的年龄以51~85岁(32例,占74.42%)为主,原患疾病以心脑血管疾病(30.23%)和消化系
          统疾病(30.23%)居多;仅2例患者有明确的过敏史(4.65%);致死药物中,碘海醇(37.21%)和碘普罗胺(25.58%)占比最高,主要致
          死原因为过敏性休克(51.16%)、心脏骤停(11.63%)及肺水肿(11.63%);48.84% 患者的药物不良反应(ADR)发生在 30 min 内,
          62.79%的患者在发生ADR当天死亡;主要累及循环系统、神经系统和呼吸系统,表现主要为呼吸困难、血压偏低或测不到、呕吐
          等。结论  非离子型碘造影剂致死药物以碘海醇和碘普罗胺为主,其不良反应发生速度快。临床需重点监测患者使用该类药物后
          30 min内的生命体征,及时处理呼吸困难、血压异常等症状,以降低患者死亡风险。
          关键词  非离子型碘造影剂;死亡;文献分析;药物不良反应

          Literature analysis of 43 cases of death caused by non-ionic iodine contrast media
          TIAN Hongxing,TIAN Hongyan,LI Tao,YAN Wan,LI Yue(Dept.  of  Pharmacy,  Guiyang  Maternal  and  Child

          Health Care Hospital, Guiyang 550003, China)

          ABSTRACT     OBJECTIVE  To  analyze  the  characteristics  and  influencing  factors  of  patient  deaths  caused  by  non-ionic  iodine
          contrast media and provide recommendations for safe medication, thereby providing references for clinical application. METHODS
          Reports  of  fatal  cases  associated  with  non-ionic  iodine  contrast  media  were  retrieved  from  databases  including  CNKI,  Wanfang,
          VIP,  PubMed,  Cochrane  Library, Web  of  Science,  Embase,  and  SpringerLink.  Statistical  analysis  was  performed  to  examine  the
          characteristics and influencing factors of these fatalities. RESULTS A total of 43 deaths caused by non-ionic iodine contrast media
          were retrieved, including 21 males (48.84%) and 22 females (51.16%). The majority of deaths occurred in 32 patients aged 51-85
          years  old (74.42%). The  original  diseases  were  mostly  cardiovascular  and  cerebrovascular  diseases (30.23%)  and  digestive  system
          diseases (30.23%),  and  only  2  cases  had  a  clear  allergy  history (4.65%).  Among  the  lethal  drugs,  iohexol (37.21%)  and
          iopromide (25.58%)  accounted  for  the  highest  proportions.  The  main  causes  of  death  were  anaphylactic  shock (51.16%),  cardiac
          arrest (11.63%), and pulmonary edema (11.63%); 48.84% of the patients’ ADR occurred within 30 minutes, and 62.79% of the
          patients  died  on  the  first  day.  It  mainly  involved  the  circulatory  system,  nervous  system  and  respiratory  system,  and  the  main
          manifestations were breathing difficulties, low or undetectable blood pressure, vomiting, etc. CONCLUSIONS The lethal drugs of
          non-ionic iodine contrast media are mainly iohexol and iopromide. The adverse reactions occur quickly. Clinically, it is necessary to
          focus  on  monitoring  the  vital  signs  within  30  minutes  after  medication,  and  timely  treatment  of  symptoms  such  as  dyspnea  and
          abnormal blood pressure to reduce the risk of death.
          KEYWORDS    non-ionic iodine contrast media; death; literature analysis; adverse drug reaction



              随着医学影像技术的快速发展,含碘造影剂已被广                         效果,不仅可协助医生快速、有效、准确地诊断疾病,而
                                                                                             [1]
          泛应用于计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)、               且可显著提升医疗服务的水平和质量 。由于离子型碘
          冠脉造影及尿路造影等领域。造影剂具有独特的显影                            造影剂(如泛影葡胺、泛影酸钠、显影葡胺等)存在较高
             Δ 基金项目 贵阳市高层次创新型青年卫生人才培养项目(No.筑                 的药物不良反应(adverse drug reaction,ADR)发生率,故
          卫健发〔2024〕19号)                                      低毒性、低黏度、接近生理渗透压的非离子型碘造影剂
             *第一作者 主管中药师,硕士。研究方向:循证医药及数据挖掘。
                                                            (如碘普罗胺、碘海醇、碘帕醇、碘佛醇、碘美普尔、碘克
          E-mail:846563439@qq.com
                                                                                                    [2]
                                                             沙醇等)成为了临床医学影像诊断的主流选择 。然而,
             # 通信作者 主任药师,硕士。研究方向:医院药事管理。E-mail:
          94870357@qq.com                                    随着非离子型碘造影剂的广泛使用,有研究者发现这些

          中国药房  2025年第36卷第13期                                              China Pharmacy  2025 Vol. 36  No. 13    · 1655 ·
   108   109   110   111   112   113   114   115   116   117   118