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5种β受体拮抗剂类药物中的N-亚硝基类杂质的含量研究
Δ
田 珩 ,杨仪雪,戴 聪,刘亚雄,严全鸿(广东省药品检验所/国家药品监督管理局药用辅料质量控制与评价
*
重点实验室,广州 510180)
中图分类号 R917 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2024)08-0936-06
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2024.08.07
摘 要 目的 测定普萘洛尔、美托洛尔、阿替洛尔、艾司洛尔、比索洛尔原料药/制剂中N-亚硝基类杂质含量,明确其含量的关注
阈值。方法 采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱技术。以ACE Excel 3 C18-AR为色谱柱,以含0.01 mol/L乙酸
铵的0.2%甲酸溶液-甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为0.60 mL/min,柱温为40 ℃,进样量为5 μL;以可加热的电喷雾离子源为
离子源,以全扫描-选择离子监测模式进行正离子扫描。采用该法对10家企业生产的15批β受体拮抗剂类药物原料药/制剂中N-
亚硝基类杂质含量进行测定,并采用Discovery Studio软件对待测杂质进行毒性预测和关注阈值估算。结果 5种β受体拮抗剂类
药物中,N-亚硝基普萘洛尔、N-亚硝基美托洛尔、N-亚硝基阿替洛尔、N-亚硝基艾司洛尔、N-亚硝基比索洛尔检测质量浓度的线性
范围分别为 1.01~503.38、1.02~508.38、0.97~483.63、1.11~554.27、1.05~523.92 ng/mL(r>0.999),定量限分别为 1.04、0.25、
0.05、0.55、1.05 ng/mL,检测限分别为 0.52、0.08、0.02、0.17、0.52 ng/mL,精密度、重复性、加样回收率、稳定性、耐用性试验的 RSD
均小于7.5%(n=6或n=5)。15批样品中,除1批样品外,其余批次均检出了N-亚硝基普萘洛尔(1.07~8.91 ng/mg)、N-亚硝基美
托洛尔(1.43~3.37 ng/mg)、N-亚硝基阿替洛尔(1.33 ng/mg)、N-亚硝基艾司洛尔(0.19 ng/mg)、N-亚硝基比索洛尔(1.27 ng/mg)。
经预测,上述5种杂质有不同程度的生育毒性、致突变性、致癌性,关注阈值分别为1.0、0.4、4.3、0.2、46.7 ng/mg。结论 所建方法简
单快捷、灵敏度高、专属性强,估算的关注阈值明确,可用于多种β受体拮抗剂类药物中N-亚硝基类杂质的含量控制。
关键词 β受体拮抗剂类药物;N-亚硝基类杂质;超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱技术;基因毒性;关注阈值
Content study of N-nitroso impurities in 5 types of β-blockers
TIAN Heng,YANG Yixue,DAI Cong,LIU Yaxiong,YAN Quanhong(Guangdong Institute for Drug Control/
NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Guangzhou 510180,
China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To determine the contents of N-nitroso impurities in raw materials/formulations of propranolol,
metoprolol, atenolol, esmolol and bisoprolol, and clarify the attention threshold. METHODS Ultra-high performance liquid
chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q/Orbitrap HRMS)was adopted. An
ACE Excel 3 C18-AR column was used for the separation and a mixture of 0.2% formic acid solution with 0.01 mol/L ammonium
acetate and methanol was employed as the mobile phase by gradient elution, at a flow rate of 0.60 mL/min. The column
temperature was set at 40 ℃ , and the sample size was 5 μL. The heated electrospray ionization source was employed in the
positive full mass spectra-selected ion monitoring mode. The contents of N-nitroso impurities in raw materials/formulations of 15 batches
of β-blockers from 10 manufacturers were determined by this method. Discovery Studio software was applied to predict the toxicity
of the impurities and estimate the attention threshold. RESULTS Among 5 kinds of β -blockers, the linear ranges of N-nitroso
propranolol, N-nitroso metoprolol, N-nitroso atenolol, N-nitroso esmolol and N-nitroso bisoprolol were 1.01-503.38, 1.02-508.38,
0.97-483.63, 1.11-554.27 and 1.05-523.92 ng/mL, respectively (r>0.999). The limits of quantitation were 1.04, 0.25, 0.05, 0.55
and 1.05 ng/mL, and the limits of detection were 0.52, 0.08, 0.02, 0.17 and 0.52 ng/mL, respectively. RSDs of precision,
reproducibility, recovery, stability and durability tests were all lower than 7.5% (n=6 or n=5). Among the 15 batches of
samples, except for 1 batch, N-nitroso propranolol (1.07-8.91 ng/mg), N-nitroso metoprolol (1.43-3.37 ng/mg), N-nitroso atenolol
(1.33 ng/mg), N-nitroso esmolol (0.19 ng/mg) and N-nitroso bisoprolol (1.27 ng/mg) were detected in all other batches. According
to predictions, the above 5 impurities had varying degrees of reproductive toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, with attention
thresholds of 1.0, 0.4, 4.3, 0.2 and 46.7 ng/mg, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The established method is simple, rapid, sensitive
and specific, the estimated attention thresholds are clear, which can be used for the control of N-nitroso impurities in various
β-blockers.
Δ 基金项目 广东省医学科学技术研究基金项目(No.B2023406)
*第一作者 主管药师,硕士。研究方向:药物分析、质量控制。电 KEYWORDS β-blockers; N-nitroso impurities; UPLC-Q/Orbitrap
话:020-32447921。E-mail:dongqingfish@126.com HRMS; gene toxicity; attention thresholds
· 936 · China Pharmacy 2024 Vol. 35 No. 8 中国药房 2024年第35卷第8期