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酪氨酸激酶抑制剂治疗胃肠间质瘤的药动学和治疗药物监测研
究进展
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黄琼叶 1, 2* ,赵 杨 ,刘 仪 ,王永庆 ,孙鲁宁 (1. 南京医科大学第一附属医院临床药理中心,南京
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210029;2.南京医科大学药学院,南京 211166)
中图分类号 R969;R979.1 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2024)07-0890-06
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2024.07.22
摘 要 酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(TKIs)是一类小分子靶向药物,可改善胃肠间质瘤(GIST)患者的生存时间。伊马替尼、舒尼替尼、瑞
戈非尼、瑞派替尼、阿伐替尼是临床治疗不同类型GIST的常用TKIs。本文对这5种药物的药动学和治疗药物监测(TDM)研究进
展进行综述,发现该类药物的药动学个体差异大,其中伊马替尼、瑞戈非尼、阿伐替尼的吸收受食物影响,因此建议患者随餐服用
伊马替尼并饮水200 mL,随低脂餐服用瑞戈非尼,空腹服用阿伐替尼。TKIs主要由细胞色素P450 3A4酶(CYP3A4)进行代谢,与
CYP3A4诱导剂或抑制剂合用时,药物暴露量会产生明显改变;除代谢酶外,TKIs的暴露量也受转运体P-糖蛋白和乳腺癌耐药蛋
白影响。目前对于TKIs的TDM研究仍处在探索阶段,伊马替尼、舒尼替尼、瑞戈非尼的有效浓度虽然已有相关文献依据,但其暴
露量与疗效/毒性之间的确切关系有待进一步研究。瑞派替尼和阿伐替尼目前缺乏暴露量与疗效/毒性的相关研究,建议对服用上
述药物的患者实施TDM并结合药动学模型探索其治疗窗。目前常用于TKIs临床TDM的检测方法包括免疫法、色谱法和表面增
强拉曼光谱法,为明确TKIs的治疗窗提供了技术基础。
关键词 胃肠间质瘤;酪氨酸激酶抑制剂;药动学;药物相互作用;治疗药物监测
Research progress in pharmacokinetics and therapeutic drug monitoring of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in
the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors
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HUANG Qiongye ,ZHAO Yang ,LIU Yi ,WANG Yongqing ,SUN Luning (1. Clinical Pharmacology
Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China;2. School of
Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China)
ABSTRACT Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) represent a class of small-molecule targeted drugs that improve the survival time
of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Imatinib, sunitinib, regorafenib, ripretinib, and avapritinib are commonly
used TKIs in the clinical treatment of various types of GIST. This article provides a comprehensive review of the pharmacokinetics
and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of these five drugs, finding that there is significant individual variability in the
pharmacokinetics of these drugs. Among them, the absorption of imatinib, regorafenib, and avapritinib are influenced by food
intake. Imatinib should be taken with meals and 200 mL of water, regorafenib is taken with a low-fat meal, while avapritinib is
taken on an empty stomach. TKIs are mainly metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), and when used in combination
with CYP3A4 inducers or inhibitors, drug exposure levels will significantly change; apart from metabolic enzymes, the exposure
levels of TKIs are also influenced by interactions with the transporter proteins P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein.
Currently, research on TDM for TKIs is still in the exploratory stage, with a substantial amount of literature reporting the effective
concentrations of imatinib, sunitinib and regorafenib. However, the precise relationship between exposure levels and efficacy/
toxicity needs further exploration. Currently, there is a lack of research on the correlation between exposure levels and efficacy/
toxicity of ripretinib and avapritinib. It is recommended to implement TDM in patients taking these drugs and explore their
therapeutic window in combination with pharmacokinetic models. The commonly used methods for clinical TDM of TKIs include
immunoassay, chromatography, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, providing a technical basis for clarifying the
therapeutic window of TKIs.
KEYWORDS gastrointestinal stromal tumor; tyrosine kinase
Δ 基金项目 国家自然科学基金项目(No.82274022);江苏省药学
会-奥赛康医院药学科研基金项目(No.A202204);江苏省人民医院“拔 inhibitors; pharmacokinetics; drug-drug interaction; therapeutic
尖人才支持计划”项目(No.YNRCQN025) drug monitoring
*第一作者 硕士研究生。研究方向:体内药物分析、临床药理学。
E-mail:hqy980422@163.com
胃肠间质瘤(gastrointestinal stromal tumor,GIST)是
# 通信作者 主任药师,副教授,硕士生导师,博士。研究方向:体
内药物分析、临床药理学。E-mail:sunluning0521@aliyun.com 胃肠道最常见的间叶源性肿瘤,大多由受体酪氨酸激酶
· 890 · China Pharmacy 2024 Vol. 35 No. 7 中国药房 2024年第35卷第7期