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酪氨酸激酶抑制剂治疗胃肠间质瘤的药动学和治疗药物监测研

          究进展
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          黄琼叶    1, 2* ,赵 杨 ,刘 仪 ,王永庆 ,孙鲁宁 (1. 南京医科大学第一附属医院临床药理中心,南京
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          210029;2.南京医科大学药学院,南京 211166)
          中图分类号  R969;R979.1      文献标志码  A      文章编号  1001-0408(2024)07-0890-06
          DOI  10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2024.07.22

          摘   要  酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(TKIs)是一类小分子靶向药物,可改善胃肠间质瘤(GIST)患者的生存时间。伊马替尼、舒尼替尼、瑞
          戈非尼、瑞派替尼、阿伐替尼是临床治疗不同类型GIST的常用TKIs。本文对这5种药物的药动学和治疗药物监测(TDM)研究进
          展进行综述,发现该类药物的药动学个体差异大,其中伊马替尼、瑞戈非尼、阿伐替尼的吸收受食物影响,因此建议患者随餐服用
          伊马替尼并饮水200 mL,随低脂餐服用瑞戈非尼,空腹服用阿伐替尼。TKIs主要由细胞色素P450 3A4酶(CYP3A4)进行代谢,与
          CYP3A4诱导剂或抑制剂合用时,药物暴露量会产生明显改变;除代谢酶外,TKIs的暴露量也受转运体P-糖蛋白和乳腺癌耐药蛋
          白影响。目前对于TKIs的TDM研究仍处在探索阶段,伊马替尼、舒尼替尼、瑞戈非尼的有效浓度虽然已有相关文献依据,但其暴
          露量与疗效/毒性之间的确切关系有待进一步研究。瑞派替尼和阿伐替尼目前缺乏暴露量与疗效/毒性的相关研究,建议对服用上
          述药物的患者实施TDM并结合药动学模型探索其治疗窗。目前常用于TKIs临床TDM的检测方法包括免疫法、色谱法和表面增
          强拉曼光谱法,为明确TKIs的治疗窗提供了技术基础。
          关键词  胃肠间质瘤;酪氨酸激酶抑制剂;药动学;药物相互作用;治疗药物监测

          Research  progress  in  pharmacokinetics  and  therapeutic  drug  monitoring  of  tyrosine  kinase  inhibitors  in
          the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors
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          HUANG Qiongye ,ZHAO Yang ,LIU Yi ,WANG Yongqing ,SUN Luning (1.  Clinical  Pharmacology
          Center,  the  First  Affiliated  Hospital  of  Nanjing  Medical  University,  Nanjing  210029,  China;2.  School  of
          Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China)
          ABSTRACT    Tyrosine  kinase  inhibitors (TKIs)  represent  a  class  of  small-molecule  targeted  drugs  that  improve  the  survival  time
          of  patients  with  gastrointestinal  stromal  tumor (GIST).  Imatinib,  sunitinib,  regorafenib,  ripretinib,  and  avapritinib  are  commonly
          used TKIs in the clinical treatment of various types of GIST. This article provides a comprehensive review of the pharmacokinetics
          and  therapeutic  drug  monitoring (TDM)  of  these  five  drugs,  finding  that  there  is  significant  individual  variability  in  the
          pharmacokinetics  of  these  drugs.  Among  them,  the  absorption  of  imatinib,  regorafenib,  and  avapritinib  are  influenced  by  food
          intake.  Imatinib  should  be  taken  with  meals  and  200  mL  of  water,  regorafenib  is  taken  with  a  low-fat  meal,  while  avapritinib  is
          taken  on  an  empty  stomach.  TKIs  are  mainly  metabolized  by  cytochrome  P450  3A4 (CYP3A4),  and  when  used  in  combination
          with  CYP3A4  inducers  or  inhibitors,  drug  exposure  levels  will  significantly  change;  apart  from  metabolic  enzymes,  the  exposure
          levels  of  TKIs  are  also  influenced  by  interactions  with  the  transporter  proteins  P-glycoprotein  and  breast  cancer  resistance  protein.
          Currently, research on TDM for TKIs is still in the exploratory stage, with a substantial amount of literature reporting the effective
          concentrations  of  imatinib,  sunitinib  and  regorafenib.  However,  the  precise  relationship  between  exposure  levels  and  efficacy/
          toxicity  needs  further  exploration.  Currently,  there  is  a  lack  of  research  on  the  correlation  between  exposure  levels  and  efficacy/
          toxicity  of  ripretinib  and  avapritinib.  It  is  recommended  to  implement  TDM  in  patients  taking  these  drugs  and  explore  their
          therapeutic  window  in  combination  with  pharmacokinetic  models.  The  commonly  used  methods  for  clinical  TDM  of  TKIs  include
          immunoassay,  chromatography,  and  surface-enhanced  Raman  spectroscopy,  providing  a  technical  basis  for  clarifying  the
                                                              therapeutic window of TKIs.
                                                              KEYWORDS    gastrointestinal  stromal  tumor;  tyrosine  kinase
              Δ 基金项目 国家自然科学基金项目(No.82274022);江苏省药学
          会-奥赛康医院药学科研基金项目(No.A202204);江苏省人民医院“拔               inhibitors;  pharmacokinetics;  drug-drug  interaction;  therapeutic
          尖人才支持计划”项目(No.YNRCQN025)                            drug monitoring
             *第一作者 硕士研究生。研究方向:体内药物分析、临床药理学。
          E-mail:hqy980422@163.com
                                                                  胃肠间质瘤(gastrointestinal stromal tumor,GIST)是
              # 通信作者 主任药师,副教授,硕士生导师,博士。研究方向:体
          内药物分析、临床药理学。E-mail:sunluning0521@aliyun.com         胃肠道最常见的间叶源性肿瘤,大多由受体酪氨酸激酶


          · 890 ·    China Pharmacy  2024 Vol. 35  No. 7                               中国药房  2024年第35卷第7期
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