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氨磷汀通过调节肠道菌群对急性辐射损伤的防护作用机制
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丛 悦 ，李 莉，赵艺萌，徐媛媛，拱健婷，关佳莉（首都医科大学附属北京中医医院北京市中医药研究所，
北京 100010）

中图分类号 R965 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408（2024）04-0459-05
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2024.04.14

摘 要 目的 探究氨磷汀对急性辐射损伤小鼠的防护作用机制。方法 30只C57BL/6J小鼠随机分成正常对照组、模型组和氨磷
汀组（150 mg/kg），每组10只。照射前30 min氨磷汀组小鼠腹腔注射氨磷汀，正常对照组和模型组小鼠腹腔注射等体积生理盐水，
然后模型组和氨磷汀组小鼠予4 Gy X射线一次性全身照射致急性辐射损伤。检测照射前2 h和照射后第1、4、7、10、14天小鼠外
周血中白细胞、血小板和红细胞计数，分析照射后第 7 天各类白细胞（中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞）的比例变化；采用 16S
rRNA扩增子测序技术分析照射后第7天小鼠粪便中肠道菌群结构，并与各类白细胞进行相关性分析。结果 氨磷汀组小鼠白细
胞计数在照射后第1、4、7、10天，血小板计数在照射后第10天，红细胞计数在照射后第1天均显著高于模型组（P＜0.05）。与正常
对照组比较，模型组小鼠肠道菌群β多样性发生改变，厚壁菌门相对丰度升高，拟杆菌门相对丰度降低；氨磷汀逆转了上述肠道菌
群β多样性以及拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门相对丰度的变化。模型组有异芽孢杆菌属、丹毒丝菌纲、丹毒丝菌目和丹毒丝菌科4个差异
性物种，其丰度与外周血淋巴细胞比例呈显著负相关（P＜0.01），氨磷汀组有小鼠乳杆菌和卷曲乳杆菌2个差异性物种，其丰度与
中性粒细胞比例呈显著负相关（P＜0.05）。结论 氨磷汀可通过维持肠道微生物菌群平衡来减轻辐射造成的急性损伤。
关键词 急性辐射损伤；氨磷汀；肠道微生物；16S rRNA序列测序

Protective mechanism of amifostine on acute radiation injury by regulating gut microbiota
CONG Yue，LI Li，ZHAO Yimeng，XU Yuanyuan，GONG Jianting，GUAN Jiali（Beijing Institute of Traditional

Chinese Medicine， Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University，
Beijing 100010， China）

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To explore the protective mechanism of amifostine on acute radiation injury mice. METHODS
Thirty C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal control group， model group and amifostine group （150 mg/kg），
with 10 mice in each group. Thirty minutes before irradiation， the mice in the amifostine group were intraperitoneally injected with
amifostine； normal control group and model group were given constant volume of normal saline intraperitoneally； then acute
radiation injury was induced by 4 Gy X-ray radiation in both model group and amifostine group. The white blood cell count
（WBC）， platelet count and red blood cell （RBC） count in mice were detected 2 hours before irradiation and on days 1， 4， 7， 10
and 14 after irradiation； the changes in the proportion of WBC （neutrophils， lymphocytes and monocytes） on the 7th day after
irradiation were analyzed. The 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the structure of gut microbiota in mice
feces on the 7th day after irradiation， then its correlation with WBC was analyzed. RESULTS The counts of WBC on the 1st， 4th，
7th and 10th day after irradiation， platelet count on the 10th day after irradiation and RBC count on the 1st day after irradiation in
the amifostine group were significantly higher than those in model group （P＜0.05）. Compared with normal control group，β
diversity of gut microbiome showed significant change， relative abundance of Firmicutes increased and that of Bacteroidetes
decreased in model group. Amifostine could reverse the change in β diversity of gut microbiome， and the relative abundance of
Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. The model group consisted of four distinct species， namely Allobaculum， Erysipelotrichia，
Erysipelotrichales and Erysipelotrichaceae， which were significantly negatively correlated with the proportion of peripheral blood
lymphocytes （P＜0.01）； amifostine group consisted of two distinct species， namely Lactobacillus murinus and L. crispatus， which
were significantly negatively correlated with the proportion of neutrophils （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Amifostine significantly
improves irradiation-induced injury by regulating dysbiosis of
Δ 基金项目 北京中医医院院级课题暨两院合作课题项目（No.
LY201816） gut microbiota.
＊第一作者 副研究员，博士。研究方向：放射医学。电话：010- KEYWORDS acute radiation injury； amifostine； gut
87906668。E-mail：dove0260@163.com microbiota； 16S rRNA gene sequencing

中国药房 2024年第35卷第4期 China Pharmacy 2024 Vol. 35 No. 4 · 459 ·