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·药师与药学服务·
我国西部地区零售药店执业药师配备的灰色模型预测分析
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许 龙 ,徐 敢 ,叶 桦 ,朱文静 ,杨建伟 ,温瑞睿 ,张启均(1.国家药品监督管理局执业药师资格认证中
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心,北京 100061;2.北京中医药大学管理学院,北京 102488;3.复旦大学药学院,上海 201203)
中图分类号 R952 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2023)20-2545-05
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2023.20.18
摘 要 目的 预测我国西部地区零售药店的执业药师配备发展趋势,为制定执业药师相关政策提供数据参考。方法 基于
2016-2022年西部地区零售药店与执业药师数据构建灰色模型,对西部地区2023-2026年期间零售药店与执业药师数量发展趋
势进行预测分析。结果 现阶段,陕西、广西和甘肃已经满足了执业药师与零售药店数量1∶1配备要求。按照现有趋势发展,内蒙
古、重庆、云南、青海有望在2023-2026年期间满足执业药师与零售药店数量1∶1配备要求,四川和新疆也有望在未来较长一段时
间内满足该要求,但贵州、西藏、宁夏离上述目标还有很大差距。结论 西部地区部分省份在执业药师配备上与国家要求还存在差
距,各地要因地制宜制定相关政策。已满足和即将满足执业药师配备要求的地区要继续从数量和质量上加强执业药师队伍建设;
短期内无法满足该条件的地区在加强执业药师队伍建设的同时,更要控制好新开办零售药店的数量。
关键词 执业药师;零售药店;西部地区;灰色模型;预测
Grey model forecasting analysis of licensed pharmacist staffing in retail pharmacies in western China
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XU Long ,XU Gan ,YE Hua ,ZHU Wenjing ,YANG Jianwei ,WEN Ruirui ,ZHANG Qijun(1. Certification
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Center for Licensed Pharmacist, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing 100061, China;2. School of
Management, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China;3. School of Pharmacy, Fudan
University, Shanghai 201203, China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To predict the development trends of licensed pharmacist staffing in retail pharmacies within the
western China and provide reference for the formulation of policies related to licensed pharmacists. METHODS Based on the data
of retail pharmacies and licensed pharmacists in the western China from 2016 to 2022, a grey model was constructed to analyze and
predict the number development trends of retail pharmacies and licensed pharmacists in the western China from 2023 to 2026.
RESULTS Currently, the 1∶1 staffing requirement for licensed pharmacists and retail pharmacies had been met in Shaanxi,
Guangxi and Gansu. Based on current trends, Inner Mongolia, Chongqing, Yunnan, and Qinghai were expected to meet the 1∶1
staffing requirement for licensed pharmacists and retail pharmacies between 2023 and 2026. Sichuan and Xinjiang were also
expected to meet this requirement in the future. However, there was still a significant gap in Guizhou, Xizang, and Ningxia
towards achieving the above goals. CONCLUSIONS There is still a discrepancy between the deployment of licensed pharmacists
and the national requirements in certain western provinces. Local authorities should formulate relevant policies according to local
circumstances. Regions that have already met or will soon achieve the staffing requirement for licensed pharmacists should continue
to enhance the quantity and quality of their licensed pharmacist workforce. In areas where meet this criterion in the short term is not
feasible, it is necessary to strengthen the development of the licensed pharmacist workforce, and control the number of new retail
pharmacies.
KEYWORDS licensed pharmacist; retail pharmacies; western region; grey model; forecast
现行的《药品经营质量管理规范》规定,药品零售企 《“十三五”国家药品安全规划》,再次对零售药店配备执
业应当配备执业药师,负责审核处方,指导合理用药。 业药师提出要求:所有零售药店主要管理者须具备执业
2012 年,国务院印发《国家药品安全“十二五”规划》,要 药师资格,营业时应有执业药师指导合理用药。在政策
求“加大执业药师配备使用力度,自2012年开始,新开办 激励下,广大药学技术人员报考执业药师与注册执业
的零售药店必须配备执业药师”。2017 年,国务院印发 的积极性显著提高。执业药师报考人数和注册在零售
药店的执业药师人数迅速增加,截至 2022 年底,已达
Δ 基金项目 国家食品药品监督管理总局人事司资助课题(No.
[1]
645 021 人 。但是,由于我国东、西部地区经济与社会
O201502);中国药品监督管理研究会课题(No.BUCM-2023-KJ-GL-008)
*第一作者 助理研究员,博士。研究方向:药事管理。E-mail: 发展不平衡和城乡差异较大等因素,零售药店的执业药
xulong@cqlp.org.cn 师配备始终处于不均衡状态。在东部一些经济较发达
中国药房 2023年第34卷第20期 China Pharmacy 2023 Vol. 34 No. 20 · 2545 ·