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·综述·
酵母微囊作为口服药物递送载体的研究进展
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刘瑛琪 1, 2* ,李静如 ,孟 繁 ,邢昊楠 ,郑爱萍 (1.华北理工大学药学院,河北 唐山 063210;2.军事医学研究
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院毒物药物研究所,北京 100850)
中图分类号 R94 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2023)16-2022-06
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2023.16.20
摘 要 酵母微囊是一种表面粗糙多孔、核心中空的天然药物递送载体,具有良好的安全性和高靶向性、高稳定性,在口服药物递
送系统中具有极佳的应用前景。酵母细胞经过酸碱和有机溶剂处理、洗涤后可获得疏松多孔的酵母微囊,后者可借助静电相互作
用、被动扩散、疏水作用等方式包载药物。酵母微囊表面主要由β-葡聚糖组成,可在胃肠环境中保持稳定,可被免疫细胞表面相关
受体识别,从而激活免疫反应,并可在被摄取后随淋巴细胞的运动将所载药物运送至病变部位。酵母微囊安全性高,非常适合递
送疫苗、抗炎药物及抗肿瘤药物,其不仅可实现上述药物的口服递送,而且能增强药物效果,提高药物的靶向性。今后可开展更多
全身转运机制的相关研究或开发更加高效的联合给药系统,以充分发挥酵母微囊的临床价值。
关键词 酵母微囊;β-葡聚糖;药物递送载体;口服药物
Research progress of yeast microcapsules as oral drug delivery carrier
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LIU Yingqi ,LI Jingru ,MENG Fan ,XING Haonan ,ZHENG Aiping(1. College of Pharmacy, North China
University of Science and Technology, Hebei Tangshan 063210, China;2. Institute of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China)
ABSTRACT As a natural drug delivery carrier with rough and porous surface and hollow core, yeast microcapsules have good
safety, high targeting and high stability, and have excellent application prospects in oral drug delivery systems. Yeast cells can be
treated and washed with acid-base and organic solvents to obtain loose and porous yeast microcapsules. Yeast microcapsules can
encapsulate drugs through electrostatic interactions, passive diffusion, hydrophobic interaction and other methods. The surface of
yeast microcapsules is mainly composed of β-glucan, which can maintain stability in the gastrointestinal environment; it can be
recognized by the surface-related receptors of immune cells, thus activating the immune response, and can be transported to the
lesion site with the movement of lymphocytes after being ingested. Yeast microcapsules are safe and very suitable for delivering
vaccines, anti-inflammatory drugs, and anti-tumor drugs. They can not only achieve oral delivery of the aforementioned drugs, but
also enhance drug efficacy and improve drug targeting. In the future, more research on systemic transport mechanisms or the
development of more efficient combination drug delivery systems can be carried out to fully exhibit the clinical value of yeast
microcapsules.
KEYWORDS yeast microcapsules; β-glucan; drug delivery carrier; oral drug
药物递送载体的主要作用是提高药物稳定性、增加 独具优势,备受学者关注。作为天然微生物,酵母具有
溶解度、增强靶向性等,对于口服制剂的递送载体还需 生长速度快、生长周期短、尺寸(2~4 μm)较均一、水中
具备克服胃液破坏和肠道消化酶降解等能力。载体材 分散性好、使用成本低等优点,加之其具有真核细胞的
料依据来源不同可分为天然材料及化学合成材料两大 典型结构,细胞壁和细胞膜均有一定的强度和通透性,
类,其中天然来源的载体材料(如外泌体 、白蛋白 、铁 是理想的微囊材料 。酿酒酵母是一种常见的酵母,广
[1]
[2]
[5]
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蛋白 、细菌外膜囊泡 等)在生物安全性及耐受性方面 泛用于酿酒、面包等食品发酵领域,被美国 FDA 认证为
Δ 基金项目 国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.82104105) 一种安全的微生物;同时,酿酒酵母能有效刺激机体的
*第一作者 硕士。研究方向:黏膜疫苗。E-mail:1549216916@ [6―7]
非特异性免疫,常被作为免疫佐剂 。已有研究证实,
qq.com
以来源于酿酒酵母的酵母微囊为递送载体的药物在抗
# 通信作者 研究员,博士。研究方向:纳米技术药物、仿生智能递
药系统。电话:010-66931694。E-mail:apzheng@163.com 菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤等需要免疫激活的疾病治疗中具有
· 2022 · China Pharmacy 2023 Vol. 34 No. 16 中国药房 2023年第34卷第16期