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复合纳米光疗剂在乳腺癌光疗法中的研究现状与展望
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章 瑾 ,王尚志 ,杨明睿 ,闫 滨 (1.山东中医药大学药学院,济南 250355;2.山东中医药大学中医学院,
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济南 250355)
中图分类号 R943;R737.9 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2023)14-1781-07
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2023.14.22
摘 要 光疗法作为一种辅助替代疗法,因非侵入性的诊疗特点广泛用于乳腺癌的早期诊断与后期治疗。但现有光疗剂因疏水
性及组织靶向性差、光稳定性低、体内毒副作用明显,限制了其应用范围。随着纳米技术的发展,新型复合纳米光疗剂应运而生。
该文总结了近5年新型纳米光疗剂在乳腺癌光疗法中的最新进展,发现随着多功能纳米材料在乳腺癌成像诊疗一体化领域中的
发展,经修饰改进后的光疗剂分别在改善光响应以提高光热转换或增加活性氧的生成、靶向肿瘤微环境/免疫细胞/癌细胞表面受
体以实现药物的可控响应式释放、利用仿生材料及内源物质改善生物相容性等方面取得了进一步发展。虽然新型光疗剂在转移
性乳腺癌模型的治疗中表现出高细胞杀伤率,并能有效抑制其复发转移,但在安全性和协同治疗兼容性等方面仍存在问题。未来
研究不仅可以在光疗剂现有作用的基础上加以改进,还可以结合免疫疗法,开发给药途径更便捷的口服药物,以放大免疫反应,多
途径协同抵御乳腺癌侵袭。
关键词 光疗剂;纳米材料;光热治疗;光动力治疗;乳腺癌
Current status and prospect of composite nano-phototherapy agents in the phototherapy for breast cancer
treatment
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ZHANG Jin ,WANG Shangzhi ,YANG Mingrui ,YAN Bin(1. School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of
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Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China;2. College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China)
ABSTRACT As an adjuvant alternative therapy, phototherapy is widely used for early diagnosis and late treatment of breast
cancer due to its non-invasive treatment characteristics. But the application of phototherapeutic agents has been limited in the clinic
due to poor hydrophobicity and tissue targeting, low photostability, and obvious toxic side effects in vivo. With the development of
nanotechnology, new composite nano-phototherapy agents have emerged. This paper summarizes the latest developments and
findings of new composite nano-phototherapy agents for phototherapy in the field of breast cancer treatment in the past 5 years.
With the development of multifunctional nanomaterials in the field of breast cancer imaging diagnosis and treatment, the modified
phototherapy agent achieved further development respectively from improving light response to improve the light thermal conversion
or increasing the generation of reactive oxygen species, targeting tumor microenvironment, immune cells and cancer cell surface
receptors to achieve drug controllable response release, using biomimetic materials and endogenous substances to improve
biocompatibility. Although phototherapeutic agents exhibit high cell-killing rates in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer models
and effectively inhibit their recurrence and metastasis, problems remain regarding the safety and compatibility of synergistic therapy.
Future studies can not only improve the existing effects of phototherapeutic agents, but also develop oral drugs with more
convenient routes based on immunotherapy to amplify the immune response and resist breast cancer through multiple routes.
KEYWORDS phototherapeutic agents; nanomaterials; photothermal therapy; photodynamic therapy; breast cancer
2020 年全球有 230 万女性罹患乳腺癌,据推测, 发病例数已居全球第 1 位,约占全球乳腺癌病例的
2040 年乳腺癌的患病率将会增长 47% 以上。随着临床 18.4% [1―2] 。目前,乳腺癌的主要治疗手段以手术切除、
筛查和治疗技术的进步,我国女性乳腺癌病例的死亡速 放化疗为主,内分泌和免疫治疗为辅,但化疗易造成肿
度虽有所放缓,但确诊人数仍处于逐年上升的状态,新 瘤组织氧化应激,使患者出现机体免疫力下降、骨髓抑
Δ 基金项目 国家“重大新药创制”科技重大专项子项目(No. 制、心脏毒性及神经毒性等副作用,因此亟须探索更温
2014ZX09509001001) 和的诊疗技术及时阻止癌细胞扩散并改善预后 [3―4] 。光
*第一作者 硕士研究生。研究方向:中药学和制剂学。E-mail:
疗法作为一种非侵入性的肿瘤早期诊治手段,不仅可以
1719590140@qq.com
规避上述毒副作用,还易与化疗、免疫治疗、基因治疗等
# 通信作者 副教授,硕士生导师。研究方向:中药学和制剂学。
E-mail:robinyan@163.com 方法联用 [4―5] ,创伤小、安全性高,可精确控制治疗时间
中国药房 2023年第34卷第14期 China Pharmacy 2023 Vol. 34 No. 14 · 1781 ·