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山东省头孢噻肟钠致 ADR 报告分析及其皮试对严重的 ADR 的

          影响
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          任美娟 ,张红梅 ,刘 畅 ,李 蕊 ,闫美兴 (1.中国海洋大学医药学院,山东 青岛 266000;2.青岛市妇女
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          儿童医院医院办公室,山东 青岛 266000;3.青岛市妇女儿童医院药学部,山东 青岛 266000)
          中图分类号  R978.1      文献标志码  A      文章编号  1001-0408(2023)10-1233-05
          DOI  10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2023.10.15

          摘  要  目的  分析山东省头孢噻肟钠致药品不良反应(ADR)的临床表现及特点,探讨头孢噻肟钠用药前皮试对严重的ADR的
          影响,为临床安全用药提供参考。方法  收集2019年12月-2021年12月山东省ADR监测中心上报国家ADR监测系统的头孢噻
          肟钠致ADR报告的相关数据,对报告涉及的ADR分类、患者年龄、性别、ADR发生时间、给药途径、患者过敏史、原患疾病、ADR
          累及系统/器官及临床表现、转归情况、用药前是否皮试等进行统计、分析。结果  共纳入头孢噻肟钠致ADR报告1 057例。1 057
          例ADR中,一般的ADR有867例(82.02%),严重的ADR有190例(17.98%);年龄以<11岁为主(40.30%);给药途径主要为静脉滴
          注(96.69%);有1 033例患者(97.73%)为用药后>30 min~24 h发生ADR;814例患者(77.01%)无过敏史;原患疾病以呼吸系统感
          染为主(56.58%);ADR主要累及系统/器官为皮肤及附件、消化系统、呼吸系统,临床主要表现为皮疹、瘙痒、恶心、呕吐、胸闷等;经
          停药或对症治疗后,有 1 050 例患者(99.34%)痊愈或好转。850 例患者在使用头孢噻肟钠前进行皮试(151 例患者发生严重的
          ADR),与207例非皮试患者(39例患者发生严重的ADR)的严重的ADR发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.718)。结论  头孢
          噻肟钠致ADR主要以<11岁患者为主,多发生在静脉滴注给药后>30 min~24 h;头孢噻肟钠用药前皮试不能降低严重的ADR
          的发生风险。临床在使用头孢噻肟钠前应详细询问患者的过敏史、用药史,使用时应重点关注用药后24 h内患者的病情状态,防
          止严重的ADR发生,以保障患者的安全用药。
          关键词  头孢噻肟钠;不良反应;用药安全;山东省;皮试


          Analysis  of  ADR  reports  caused  by  cefotaxime  sodium  in  Shandong  province  and  effects  of  skin  test  on
          serious ADR
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          REN Meijuan ,ZHANG Hongmei ,LIU Chang ,LI Rui ,YAN Meixing(1.  School  of  Medicine  and  Pharmacy,
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          Ocean  University  of  China,  Shandong  Qingdao  266000,  China;2.  Hospital  Office,  Qingdao  Women  and
          Children’s Hospital, Shandong Qingdao 266000, China;3. Dept. of Pharmacy, Qingdao Women and Children’s
          Hospital, Shandong Qingdao 266000, China)
          ABSTRACT   OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical manifestations and characteristics of adverse drug reactions (ADR) caused by
          cefotaxime sodium in Shandong province, and to explore the effects of skin test before medication of cefotaxime sodium on serious
          ADR,  so  as  to  provide  reference  for  safe  drug  use  in  clinic.  METHODS  The  relevant  data  of  cefotaxime  sodium-induced  ADR
          reported  by  Shandong  Province  ADR  Monitoring  Center  during  December  2019  to  December  2021  were  collected  from  National
          ADR Monitoring System. The ADR classification, age, gender, ADR occurrence time, route of administration, history of allergy,
          primary  diseases,  ADR  systems/organs  involved,  clinical  manifestations,  outcome,  skin  test  or  not  before  medication  were
          statistically  analyzed.  RESULTS  A  total  of  1  057 ADR  reports  caused  by  cefotaxime  sodium  were  included. Among  them,  there
          were  867  patients (82.02%)  with  general ADR  and  190  patients (17.98%)  with  serious ADR.  The  majority  were  <11  years  old
         (40.30%). The main route of administration was intravenous drip (96.69%). A total of 1 033 patients (97.73%) developed ADR 30
          min  to  24  h  after  medication.  A  total  of  814  patients (77.01%)  had  no  history  of  allergy.  The  primary  diseases  were  respiratory
          system  infection (56.58%).  Main  systems/organs  involved  in ADR  were  skin  and  its  appendants,  digestive  system  and  respiratory
          system,  and  its  clinical  manifestations  were  rash,  pruritus,  nausea,  vomiting,  chest  tightness,  etc.  After  withdrawal  or
          symptomatic  treatment,  1  050  patients (99.34%)  were  cured  or  improved.  Before  the  use  of  cefotaxime  sodium,  850  patients
                                                             underwent  skin  test (151  patients  occurred  serious  ADR);
             Δ 基金项目 山东省药品不良反应监测中心委托项目
                                                             there  was  no  statistical  significance  in  the  incidence  of  serious
             * 第一作者 硕 士 研 究 生 。 研 究 方 向 :临 床 药 学 。 E-mail:
          renzhen202102@163.com                              ADR,  compared  with  the  incidence  of  serious  ADR  in  207
             # 通信作者 主任药师,硕士生导师,硕士。研究方向:临床药学。                 patients  without  skin  test (39  patients  occurred  serious  ADR)
          E-mail:meixing@163.com                            (P=0.718).  CONCLUSIONS  ADR  caused  by  cefotaxime


          中国药房  2023年第34卷第10期                                              China Pharmacy  2023 Vol. 34  No. 10    · 1233 ·
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