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山东省头孢噻肟钠致 ADR 报告分析及其皮试对严重的 ADR 的
影响
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任美娟 ,张红梅 ,刘 畅 ,李 蕊 ,闫美兴 (1.中国海洋大学医药学院,山东 青岛 266000;2.青岛市妇女
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儿童医院医院办公室,山东 青岛 266000;3.青岛市妇女儿童医院药学部,山东 青岛 266000)
中图分类号 R978.1 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2023)10-1233-05
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2023.10.15
摘 要 目的 分析山东省头孢噻肟钠致药品不良反应(ADR)的临床表现及特点,探讨头孢噻肟钠用药前皮试对严重的ADR的
影响,为临床安全用药提供参考。方法 收集2019年12月-2021年12月山东省ADR监测中心上报国家ADR监测系统的头孢噻
肟钠致ADR报告的相关数据,对报告涉及的ADR分类、患者年龄、性别、ADR发生时间、给药途径、患者过敏史、原患疾病、ADR
累及系统/器官及临床表现、转归情况、用药前是否皮试等进行统计、分析。结果 共纳入头孢噻肟钠致ADR报告1 057例。1 057
例ADR中,一般的ADR有867例(82.02%),严重的ADR有190例(17.98%);年龄以<11岁为主(40.30%);给药途径主要为静脉滴
注(96.69%);有1 033例患者(97.73%)为用药后>30 min~24 h发生ADR;814例患者(77.01%)无过敏史;原患疾病以呼吸系统感
染为主(56.58%);ADR主要累及系统/器官为皮肤及附件、消化系统、呼吸系统,临床主要表现为皮疹、瘙痒、恶心、呕吐、胸闷等;经
停药或对症治疗后,有 1 050 例患者(99.34%)痊愈或好转。850 例患者在使用头孢噻肟钠前进行皮试(151 例患者发生严重的
ADR),与207例非皮试患者(39例患者发生严重的ADR)的严重的ADR发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.718)。结论 头孢
噻肟钠致ADR主要以<11岁患者为主,多发生在静脉滴注给药后>30 min~24 h;头孢噻肟钠用药前皮试不能降低严重的ADR
的发生风险。临床在使用头孢噻肟钠前应详细询问患者的过敏史、用药史,使用时应重点关注用药后24 h内患者的病情状态,防
止严重的ADR发生,以保障患者的安全用药。
关键词 头孢噻肟钠;不良反应;用药安全;山东省;皮试
Analysis of ADR reports caused by cefotaxime sodium in Shandong province and effects of skin test on
serious ADR
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REN Meijuan ,ZHANG Hongmei ,LIU Chang ,LI Rui ,YAN Meixing(1. School of Medicine and Pharmacy,
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Ocean University of China, Shandong Qingdao 266000, China;2. Hospital Office, Qingdao Women and
Children’s Hospital, Shandong Qingdao 266000, China;3. Dept. of Pharmacy, Qingdao Women and Children’s
Hospital, Shandong Qingdao 266000, China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical manifestations and characteristics of adverse drug reactions (ADR) caused by
cefotaxime sodium in Shandong province, and to explore the effects of skin test before medication of cefotaxime sodium on serious
ADR, so as to provide reference for safe drug use in clinic. METHODS The relevant data of cefotaxime sodium-induced ADR
reported by Shandong Province ADR Monitoring Center during December 2019 to December 2021 were collected from National
ADR Monitoring System. The ADR classification, age, gender, ADR occurrence time, route of administration, history of allergy,
primary diseases, ADR systems/organs involved, clinical manifestations, outcome, skin test or not before medication were
statistically analyzed. RESULTS A total of 1 057 ADR reports caused by cefotaxime sodium were included. Among them, there
were 867 patients (82.02%) with general ADR and 190 patients (17.98%) with serious ADR. The majority were <11 years old
(40.30%). The main route of administration was intravenous drip (96.69%). A total of 1 033 patients (97.73%) developed ADR 30
min to 24 h after medication. A total of 814 patients (77.01%) had no history of allergy. The primary diseases were respiratory
system infection (56.58%). Main systems/organs involved in ADR were skin and its appendants, digestive system and respiratory
system, and its clinical manifestations were rash, pruritus, nausea, vomiting, chest tightness, etc. After withdrawal or
symptomatic treatment, 1 050 patients (99.34%) were cured or improved. Before the use of cefotaxime sodium, 850 patients
underwent skin test (151 patients occurred serious ADR);
Δ 基金项目 山东省药品不良反应监测中心委托项目
there was no statistical significance in the incidence of serious
* 第一作者 硕 士 研 究 生 。 研 究 方 向 :临 床 药 学 。 E-mail:
renzhen202102@163.com ADR, compared with the incidence of serious ADR in 207
# 通信作者 主任药师,硕士生导师,硕士。研究方向:临床药学。 patients without skin test (39 patients occurred serious ADR)
E-mail:meixing@163.com (P=0.718). CONCLUSIONS ADR caused by cefotaxime
中国药房 2023年第34卷第10期 China Pharmacy 2023 Vol. 34 No. 10 · 1233 ·