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·综述·
基因检测在降脂药物个体化治疗中的应用
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1*
朱扬媚 ,曹建刚 ,周玉生 (1.南华大学药物药理研究所,湖南 衡阳 421000;2.南华大学附属南华医院临床
2
药学研究所,湖南 衡阳 421000)
中图分类号 R972+.6;Q343.1+2 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2023)09-1147-06
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2023.09.23
摘 要 血脂异常在临床上主要表现为高脂血症,是导致动脉粥样硬化、冠心病和脑卒中等心脑血管疾病发生的重要危险因素。
临床上主要采用降脂药物进行治疗,但存在个体差异、基因影响等问题。因此,有必要对患者进行基因检测,从而指导降脂药物的
个体化应用。本文主要对基因检测的定义和降脂药物的个体化治疗进行了概述,并介绍了基因检测在降脂药物(他汀类、贝特类、
烟酸和依折麦布)个体化治疗方面的应用。其中APOE、SLCO1B1和CYP450家族的基因多态性对他汀类药物的疗效和安全性起
到关键作用,APOA/B/C家族基因多态性对非诺贝特的疗效有显著影响,HCAR2和DGAT2基因多态性对烟酸的疗效具有重要影
响,NPC1L1基因多态性对依折麦布的疗效影响较大。建议对血脂异常的患者进行基因检测,以选择合适的治疗策略,从而进行
个体化用药指导。
关键词 基因检测;降脂药物;个体化治疗;基因多态性
Application of gene detection in individualized treatment of lipid-lowering drugs
ZHU Yangmei ,CAO Jiangang ,ZHOU Yusheng(1. Institute of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, University of
2
2
1
South China, Hunan Hengyang 421000, China;2. Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, the Affiliated Nanhua
Hospital, University of South China, Hunan Hengyang 421000, China)
ABSTRACT The main clinical manifestation of dyslipidemia is hyperlipidemia, which is an important risk factor leading to the
occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease and stroke. In clinical
practice, lipid-lowering drugs are mainly used for treatment, but there are issues such as individual differences and genetic effects.
Therefore, it is necessary to perform gene detection on patients, so as to guide individualized application of lipid-lowering drugs.
This review mainly previews the definition of gene detection and the individualized treatment of lipid-lowering drugs, and
introduces the application of gene detection in the individualized treatment of lipid-lowering drugs (statins, fibrates, nicotinic acid
and ezetimibe). Among them, the gene polymorphisms of APOE, SLCO1B1 and CYP450 family play a key role in the efficacy and
safety of statins; the gene polymorphisms of APOA/B/C family have a significant impact on the efficacy of fenofibrate; the gene
polymorphisms of HCAR2 and DGAT2 have an important impact on the efficacy of niacin; the gene polymorphisms of NPC1L1
have a significant impact on the efficacy of ezetimibe. It is suggested to conduct genotype detection for patients with dyslipidemia to
select appropriate treatment strategies, so as to provide individualized medication guidance.
KEYWORDS gene detection; lipid-lowering drugs; individualized treatment; gene polymorphism
血脂异常在临床上主要表现为高脂血症,是导致动 (high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol,HDL-C)、低密度脂
脉粥样硬化、冠心病和脑卒中等心脑血管疾病发生的重 蛋 白 胆 固 醇(low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol,LDL-
要危险因素,其表现为甘油三酯(triglycerides,TG)、总 C)、脂蛋白(a)[lipoprotein (a),Lp(a)]水平异常,当前多
胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇
种降脂药物均致力于调节以上指标在血浆中的水
平 [1―2] 。2018 年美国心脏病学会(American College of
Δ 基金项目 湖南省卫生健康委科研项目(No.20201914);南华大
学“医院管理研究与改革”课题(No.2019YYGL02) Cardiology,ACC)和 美 国 心 脏 协 会(American Heart
* 第一作者 硕 士 研 究 生 。 研 究 方 向 :临 床 药 学 。 E-mail: Association,AHA)临床实践治疗指南强调,通过管理血
zym13638485693@163.com
液胆固醇来降低动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病的发生风
# 通信作者 主任药师,教授,硕士生导师。研究方向:临床药理
[3]
学、临床药学。E-mail:yszhou08@126.com 险 。例如,当LDL-C降低约0.5 mmol/L时,主要不良心
中国药房 2023年第34卷第9期 China Pharmacy 2023 Vol. 34 No. 9 · 1147 ·