Page 133 - 《中国药房》2023年9期
P. 133

·综述·


          基因检测在降脂药物个体化治疗中的应用
                                                                          Δ

                                  2 #
                 1*
          朱扬媚 ,曹建刚 ,周玉生 (1.南华大学药物药理研究所,湖南 衡阳 421000;2.南华大学附属南华医院临床
                          2
          药学研究所,湖南 衡阳 421000)
          中图分类号  R972+.6;Q343.1+2      文献标志码  A      文章编号  1001-0408(2023)09-1147-06
          DOI  10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2023.09.23


          摘  要  血脂异常在临床上主要表现为高脂血症,是导致动脉粥样硬化、冠心病和脑卒中等心脑血管疾病发生的重要危险因素。
          临床上主要采用降脂药物进行治疗,但存在个体差异、基因影响等问题。因此,有必要对患者进行基因检测,从而指导降脂药物的
          个体化应用。本文主要对基因检测的定义和降脂药物的个体化治疗进行了概述,并介绍了基因检测在降脂药物(他汀类、贝特类、
          烟酸和依折麦布)个体化治疗方面的应用。其中APOE、SLCO1B1和CYP450家族的基因多态性对他汀类药物的疗效和安全性起
          到关键作用,APOA/B/C家族基因多态性对非诺贝特的疗效有显著影响,HCAR2和DGAT2基因多态性对烟酸的疗效具有重要影
          响,NPC1L1基因多态性对依折麦布的疗效影响较大。建议对血脂异常的患者进行基因检测,以选择合适的治疗策略,从而进行
          个体化用药指导。
          关键词  基因检测;降脂药物;个体化治疗;基因多态性


          Application of gene detection in individualized treatment of lipid-lowering drugs
          ZHU Yangmei ,CAO Jiangang ,ZHOU Yusheng(1.  Institute  of  Pharmaceutical  Pharmacology,  University  of
                                     2
                                                     2
                      1
          South  China,  Hunan  Hengyang  421000,  China;2.  Institute  of  Clinical  Pharmacy,  the  Affiliated  Nanhua
          Hospital, University of South China, Hunan Hengyang 421000, China)
          ABSTRACT   The  main  clinical  manifestation  of  dyslipidemia  is  hyperlipidemia,  which  is  an  important  risk  factor  leading  to  the
          occurrence  of  cardiovascular  and  cerebrovascular  diseases  such  as  atherosclerosis,  coronary  heart  disease  and  stroke.  In  clinical
          practice, lipid-lowering drugs are mainly used for treatment, but there are issues such as individual differences and genetic effects.
          Therefore,  it  is  necessary  to  perform  gene  detection  on  patients,  so  as  to  guide  individualized  application  of  lipid-lowering  drugs.
          This  review  mainly  previews  the  definition  of  gene  detection  and  the  individualized  treatment  of  lipid-lowering  drugs,  and
          introduces  the  application  of  gene  detection in  the  individualized  treatment  of  lipid-lowering  drugs (statins,  fibrates,  nicotinic acid
          and ezetimibe). Among them, the gene polymorphisms of APOE, SLCO1B1 and CYP450 family play a key role in the efficacy and
          safety  of  statins;  the  gene  polymorphisms  of APOA/B/C  family  have  a  significant  impact  on  the  efficacy  of  fenofibrate;  the  gene
          polymorphisms  of  HCAR2  and  DGAT2  have  an  important  impact  on  the  efficacy  of  niacin;  the  gene  polymorphisms  of  NPC1L1
          have a significant impact on the efficacy of ezetimibe. It is suggested to conduct genotype detection for patients with dyslipidemia to
          select appropriate treatment strategies, so as to provide individualized medication guidance.
          KEYWORDS    gene detection; lipid-lowering drugs; individualized treatment; gene polymorphism


              血脂异常在临床上主要表现为高脂血症,是导致动                        (high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol,HDL-C)、低密度脂
          脉粥样硬化、冠心病和脑卒中等心脑血管疾病发生的重                           蛋 白 胆 固 醇(low-density  lipoprotein-cholesterol,LDL-
          要危险因素,其表现为甘油三酯(triglycerides,TG)、总                 C)、脂蛋白(a)[lipoprotein (a),Lp(a)]水平异常,当前多
          胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇
                                                             种降脂药物均致力于调节以上指标在血浆中的水
                                                             平 [1―2] 。2018 年美国心脏病学会(American College of
             Δ 基金项目 湖南省卫生健康委科研项目(No.20201914);南华大
          学“医院管理研究与改革”课题(No.2019YYGL02)                      Cardiology,ACC)和 美 国 心 脏 协 会(American  Heart
             * 第一作者 硕 士 研 究 生 。 研 究 方 向 :临 床 药 学 。 E-mail:   Association,AHA)临床实践治疗指南强调,通过管理血
          zym13638485693@163.com
                                                             液胆固醇来降低动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病的发生风
             # 通信作者 主任药师,教授,硕士生导师。研究方向:临床药理
                                                               [3]
          学、临床药学。E-mail:yszhou08@126.com                     险 。例如,当LDL-C降低约0.5 mmol/L时,主要不良心

          中国药房  2023年第34卷第9期                                                China Pharmacy  2023 Vol. 34  No. 9    · 1147 ·
   128   129   130   131   132   133   134   135   136   137   138