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天麻不同提取部位抗缺血性脑卒中作用比较
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          许春萍 ,杨 茜,孟庆婷,颜明丽,宁 珑,孙 航,何芳雁(云南中医药大学中药学院,昆明 650500)
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          中图分类号  R965;R285      文献标志码  A      文章编号  1001-0408(2023)04-0429-04
          DOI  10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2023.04.09

          摘  要  目的  比较天麻不同提取部位的抗缺血性脑卒中(IS)作用,为筛选天麻抗IS的有效部位提供参考。方法  采用乙醇回流
          提取、乙酸乙酯萃取法对天麻进行提取分离。以花生四烯酸颈内动脉注射诱导大鼠弥漫性脑血栓模型,以缺血侧脑组织中伊文思
          蓝(EB)含量为指标考察天麻生粉、天麻醇提取物、天麻醇提取残渣、天麻乙酸乙酯提取物、天麻乙酸乙酯提取残渣、天麻素以及阿
          司匹林(阳性对照药)的抗IS作用。结果  与模型组比较,阿司匹林、天麻醇提取物、天麻乙酸乙酯提取物均可显著降低模型大鼠
          缺血侧脑组织中EB含量(P<0.05);天麻生粉有降低模型大鼠缺血侧脑组织中EB含量的趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);
          天麻醇提取残渣、天麻乙酸乙酯提取残渣、天麻素对模型大鼠缺血侧脑组织中EB含量均几乎无影响。结论  天麻醇提取物和天麻
          乙酸乙酯提取物均具有抗IS作用,且作用强于天麻生粉。
          关键词  天麻;缺血性脑卒中;提取部位;药效学;有效部位


          Comparison of anti-ischemic stroke effect of different extraction parts from Gastrodia elata
          XU Chunping,YANG Qian,MENG Qingting,YAN Mingli,NING Long,SUN Hang,HE Fangyan(College  of
          Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China)

          ABSTRACT   OBJECTIVE To compare anti-ischemic stroke (IS) effect of different extraction parts from Gastrodia elata, and to
          provide reference for screening the anti-IS effective parts of G. elata. METHODS G. elata was extracted and separated by ethanol
          reflux  extraction  and  ethyl  acetate  extraction.  The  rat  model  of  diffuse  cerebral  thrombosis  was  induced  by  internal  carotid  artery
          injection of arachidonic acid (AA); the anti-IS effect of G. elata powder, ethanol extract of G. elata, residue of ethanol extract of
          G. elata, ethyl acetate extract of G. elata, residue of ethyl acetate extract of G. elata, gastrodin and aspirin (positive control drug)
          were  investigated  with  the  content  of  Evans  blue (EB)  in  the  ischemic  brain  tissue  as  index.  RESULTS  Compared  with  model
          group, aspirin, ethanol extract of G. elata and ethyl acetate extract of G. elata could significantly decrease the content of EB in the
          ischemic brain tissue of model rats (P<0.05). G. elata powder had the tendency to reduce the content of EB in the ischemic brain
          tissue of model rats, without statistical significance (P>0.05). The residue of ethanol extract of G. elata, residue of ethyl acetate
          extract of G. elata and gastrodin had little effect on the content of EB in the ischemic brain tissue of model rats. CONCLUSIONS
          Both  ethanol  extract  of  G.  elata  and  ethyl  acetate  extract  of  G.  elata  have  anti-IS  effects,  which  are  stronger  than  that  of  G.  elata
          powder.
          KEYWORDS    Gastrodia elata; ischemic stroke; extraction part; pharmacodynamics; effective part



              缺血性脑卒中(ischemic stroke,IS)是我国脑血管疾              略了脑缺血后神经元、神经胶质细胞及血管内皮细胞之
          病中发病率最高的病种,具有致残率高、病死率高、复发                          间的脑组织结构功能的整体性和联系,导致目前溶栓药
          率高等特点,其已成为我国成人致残、致死的首要病                            和神经保护剂靶点单一、疗效不佳,因此,目前药物治疗
            [1]
          因 。该病的病理生理变化过程涉及多个环节,脑缺血                           的目标转变为对受损的脑组织进行多方位、多途径的全
          时神经元、神经胶质细胞及微血管组成的血管神经单元                           面保护   [5―7] ,强调干预脑缺血后病理过程的多个环节。
          均受损;IS的早期以炎症、神经元凋亡表现为主,后期以                             天麻(Gastrodia elata Bl.)为云南省道地药材。本课
          神经再生、血管新生表现为主             [2―4] 。早先的研究由于忽          题组前期在对天麻抗 IS 作用的药效学及物质基础研究

             Δ 基金项目 云南省科技厅科技计划项目(No.202101AT070264)          中发现,天麻酚性成分对IS过程中炎症发生、神经凋亡、
             *第一作者 硕士研究生。研究方向 :中药药理学。E-mail:                 血管新生等病理环节均有干预作用                 [8―11] 。已有研究表
          2354950225@qq.com
             # 通信作者 实验师,博士研究生。研究方向:中药药理学。E-                  明,脑血栓的形成是造成脑缺血的重要原因,临床弥漫
                                                                                            [12]
          mail:735137511@qq.com                              性脑血栓是造成IS的主要原因之一 。基于此,本研究

          中国药房  2023年第34卷第4期                                                 China Pharmacy  2023 Vol. 34  No. 4    · 429 ·
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