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相同产地3种龙胆属植物根及根茎中化学成分的差异分析
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李 睿 1, 2* ,张莹莹 ,刘卫红 ,宋艳秋 ,李龙星 ,李海峰 (1.大理大学药学院,云南 大理 671003;2.云南省
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滇西抗病原植物资源筛选研究重点实验室,云南 大理 671003;3.大理大学图书馆,云南 大理 671003;4.大
理大学公共卫生学院,云南 大理 671003;5.大理大学分析测试中心,云南 大理 671003)
中图分类号 R284.1;R917 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2023)03-0303-06
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2023.03.10
摘 要 目的 为从龙胆属植物中挖掘坚龙胆可替代资源提供依据。方法 采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法对3种龙胆属植物(坚龙
胆、头花龙胆、微籽龙胆)根及根茎中4种活性成分(龙胆苦苷、獐牙菜苦苷、獐牙菜苷和苦龙胆酯苷)的含量进行测定;采用超高效
液相色谱-电喷雾-四极杆飞行时间高分辨质谱联用(UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS)技术对上述植物根及根茎中化学成分进行鉴定,并进
行主成分分析(PCA)。结果 头花龙胆与坚龙胆根及根茎中均含有龙胆苦苷、獐牙菜苦苷、獐牙菜苷和苦龙胆酯苷这4种活性成
分,其中头花龙胆和坚龙胆根及根茎中龙胆苦苷含量均是2020年版《中国药典》(一部)限量标准的4倍以上;而微籽龙胆根及根茎
中仅检测到獐牙菜苦苷、獐牙菜苷和苦龙胆酯苷,其中的獐牙菜苷和苦龙胆酯苷含量分别是坚龙胆的34.12、8.81倍。通过UPLC-
ESI-Q-TOF-MS技术从3种龙胆属植物根及根茎中共鉴定出33种化合物,主要为环烯醚萜类成分;此外,坚龙胆和头花龙胆中还
含有 酮类成分,微籽龙胆中还含有黄酮类成分。PCA结果显示,头花龙胆和坚龙胆差异较小,而微籽龙胆与坚龙胆差异较大。
结论 同一产地头花龙胆与坚龙胆根及根茎的化学成分差异较小,存在可替代性;而微籽龙胆与坚龙胆根及根茎的化学成分差异
较大,不能代替坚龙胆入药。
关键词 坚龙胆;头花龙胆;微籽龙胆;环烯醚萜类成分;化学成分;含量测定;鉴定
Difference analysis of chemical components in roots and rhizomes of 3 medicinal plants of Gentiana from
the same origin
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LI Rui ,ZHANG Yingying ,LIU Weihong ,SONG Yanqiu ,LI Longxing ,LI Haifeng (1. College of
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Pharmacy, Dali University, Yunnan Dali 671003, China;2. Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research
on Anti-pathogenic Plant Resources from West Yunnan, Yunnan Dali 671003, China;3. Library of Dali
University, Yunnan Dali 671003, China;4. College of Public Health, Dali University, Yunnan Dali 671003,
China;5. Analysis and Testing Center, Dali University, Yunnan Dali 671003,China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To provide reference for exploring alternative resources of Gentiana rigescens from the plants of
Gentiana. METHODS The contents of four components (gentiopicroside, swertiamarin, swertioside and amarogentin) in the roots
and rhizomes from 3 plants of Gentiana (G. rigescens, G. cephalantha, G. delavayi) were determined by high-performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC). The chemical compositions in the above roots and rhizomes were identified by ultra-performance liquid
chromatography electrospray ionization quarter-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS), and the differences were
analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA). RESULTS Four active components such as gentiopicroside, swertiamarin,
swertioside and amarogentin were detected in the roots and rhizomes of G. rigescens and G. cephalantha, and the contents of the
four components were similar in both. The contents of gentiopicroside in the root and rhizome of G. cephalantha and G.rigescens
were more than four times of the limit standard of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (Part Ⅰ) in 2020; However, only swertiamarin,
swertioside and amarogentin were detected in the roots and
Δ 基金项目 国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.81960712);云南省
科技计划项目(No.202001BA070001-054);云南省滇西抗病原植物资 rhizomes of G. delavayi, and the contents of swertioside and
源筛选研究重点实验室开放课题立项项目(No.APR202108) amarogentin were 34.12 and 8.81 times of those of G.
*第一作者 硕士研究生。研究方向:药用植物品质评价及生物技 rigescens, respectively. In addition, a total of 33 compounds
术。E-mail:515227235@qq.com
were identified from the roots and rhizomes of 3 plants of
# 通信作者 教授,硕士生导师,硕士。研究方向:药用植物品质评
价及生物技术。E-mail:lihfzh888@sina.com Gentiana by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS, mainly iridoids.
中国药房 2023年第34卷第3期 China Pharmacy 2023 Vol. 34 No. 3 · 303 ·