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中药致神经毒性的物质基础与作用机制研究进展
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何 海 ,赵沙沙 ,邢耀莹 ,王姿杨 ,杜丽东 1, 2, 3 ,邵 晶 1, 2, 3 # (1.甘肃中医药大学药学院,兰州 730000;2.西
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北中藏药省部共建协同创新中心,兰州 730000;3.甘肃省中药药理与毒理学重点实验室,兰州 730000)
中图分类号 R994.1;R286 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2023)02-0251-06
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2023.02.24
摘 要 近年来,中药引起的神经毒性时有发生,已成为制约中药开发与应用重要因素之一。中药所含活性成分及其量效关系是
决定其药理活性和毒性作用的关键,其中,内源性毒性成分包括生物碱、糖苷类、二萜类、动植物毒蛋白和重金属等,外源性毒性成
分则主要是指在药材种植、加工、运输、存储过程中引入的一些非本身合成的有害元素和农药残留。中药对氧化应激、炎症、离子
交换、能量代谢等过程的影响可能是其致神经毒性的重要机制。神经细胞、髓鞘细胞、轴索和神经递质系统是中药致神经毒性的
常见靶标。今后可考虑利用现代研究方法和大数据挖掘手段,建立以毒性物质基础成分群为核心的“中毒症状-中毒剂量-中毒原
药-解毒方案”的安全性评价模式,从而为神经毒性中药的开发利用及临床干预提供支撑。
关键词 中药;神经毒性;物质基础;作用机制;靶点;毒性成分
Research progress on material basis for neurotoxicity of traditional Chinese medicine and its mechanism
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HE Hai ,ZHAO Shasha ,XING Yaoying ,WANG Ziyang ,DU Lidong 1, 2, 3 ,SHAO Jing 1, 2, 3 (1. College of
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Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China;2. Northwest Collaborative
Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Tibetan Medicine Co-constructed by Gansu Province &
MOE of PRC, Lanzhou 730000, China;3. Gansu Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of
Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China)
ABSTRACT In recent years, neurotoxicity caused by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has frequently occurred and has
become one of the important factors restricting the development and application of TCM. TCM contains active components and its
dosage-effect relationship is the key to determine its pharmacological activity and toxic effects. Among them, the endogenous toxic
components include alkaloids, glycosides, diterpenoids, animal and plant toxic proteins and heavy metals, and so on; exogenous
toxic components mainly refer to some harmful elements and pesticide residues during the cultivation, processing, transportation
and storage of medicinal materials that are not synthesized by themselves. Effect on the processes such as oxidative stress,
inflammation, ion exchange, and energy metabolism may be important mechanisms of TCM-induced neurotoxicity. Neural cells,
myelin cells, axons and neurotransmitter systems are common targets of TCM-induced neurotoxicity. In the future, we can use
modern research methods and big data mining means to establish a safety evaluation mode of “toxic symptoms-poisoning dose-toxic
original agent-detoxification scheme” with the basic component group of toxic substances as the core, so as to provide support for
development and clinical intervention of neurotoxic traditional Chinese medicine.
KEYWORDS traditional Chinese medicine; neurotoxicity; material basis; mechanism of action; target; toxic component
中药是在中医药理论的指导下用以预防、治疗、诊 反应等安全事件屡发,引起了人们对其毒性研究的重
断疾病并具有保健、康复作用的天然药物及其加工品, 视,尤其是在肝肾毒性方面研究资料较多,但中药导致
具有疗效好、毒性低、使用安全等多种优点,为人类的健 的神经毒性却鲜有报道。相关研究表明,部分中药在防
康做出了巨大贡献。近年来,因不规范服用中药致不良 治疾病的同时会产生神经系统毒性,可影响中枢神经系
统和外周神经系统功能,达到一定剂量甚至可导致动物
Δ 基金项目 甘肃省科技计划项目(No.21JR11RA136);甘肃省药 [1]
品监督管理局科研项目(No.2022GSMPA003);甘肃省教育科技创新 死亡 。值得关注的是,经过现代技术提炼之后,中药活
项目青年博士基金项目(No.2022QB-090);甘肃省教育厅“双一流”重 性成分得到富集,其吸收利用度有所提高,使其安全性
大科研项目(No.GSSYLXM-05) 更应受到学界重视。基于此,本文重点综述了中药致神
*第一作者 硕士研究生。研究方向:中药药效物质基础及质量控 经系统毒性的物质基础及毒性机制,以期为揭示中药致
制。E-mail:hehai1128@126.com
神经毒性的危险信号,进一步完善中药安全性评估和神
# 通信作者 教授,硕士生导师,博士。研究方向:中药药效物质基
础、质量控制及产品开发。E-mail:cn221@163.com 经毒性中药的临床合理应用提供科学依据。
中国药房 2023年第34卷第2期 China Pharmacy 2023 Vol. 34 No. 2 · 251 ·