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蒲公英的本草考证                     Δ



          秦聪聪 ,杜沁圆,张义敏,孙美灵,展照双 ,王加锋(山东中医药大学中医学院,济南 250355)
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          中图分类号 R931          文献标志码 A           文章编号     1001-0408(2022)20-2556-05
          DOI  10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2022.20.24


          摘   要 蒲公英属植物种类多、分布广,其中多种植物的干燥全草均可被用作“蒲公英”药材,基原混淆不清。本研究查阅历代本
          草、医籍、方书和近现代文献资料后发现,蒲公英最早以“蒲公草”一名出现在晋代《刘涓子鬼遗方》中;根据植物特征、形态色泽、音
          转,其有“黄花郎”“构耨草”“凫公英”“仆公罂”“黄花地丁”等别名。蒲公英源于菊科植物蒲公英、碱地蒲公英或同属数种植物的干
          燥全草。与之相似的高脚蒲公英(又名“苦苣菜”),不可替代蒲公英入药。蒲公英因其繁殖快速、生长旺盛的特点,产地分布较为
          广泛,在我国大部分地区均可见;《本草纲目》所载的“岭南绝无”,经查阅相关著作后发现与实际情况不符。古时医者以蒲公英生
          长高度作为其质量优劣标准,现以叶多、色灰绿、根长者为佳。古时医者指出,蒲公英多在农历四、五月份采收,现代研究认为应于
          近花期采挖。蒲公英的加工炮制古时有净制、制炭、蜜制、酒制等多种方法,现代则以净制为主。本文通过系统考证蒲公英的名
          称、基原、产地、采收及加工炮制,希望可为蒲公英的价值开发及合理利用提供理论支持。
          关键词 蒲公英;本草考证;基原;产地;采收;炮制

          Herbal textural of Taraxaci Herba
          QIN Congcong,DU Qinyuan,ZHANG Yimin,SUN Meiling,ZHAN Zhaoshuang,WANG Jiafeng(School of
          TCM,Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jinan 250355,China)

          ABSTRACT    There are many kinds of Taraxacum plants,which are widely distributed. The dried whole plants of many kinds of
          plants can be used as medicinal materials,and the origin is confused. This study finds that Taraxaci Herba first appears as
         “Pugoncao”in the Liu Juanzi Guiyifang of Jin Dynasty after consulting ancient herbal books,medical books,prescription books
          and modern literature. According to characteristics, morphology, color and sound of the plant, it has “Huanghualang”,
         “Gounoucao”,“Fugongying”,“Pugongying”,“Huanghuadiding”and other aliases. Taraxaci Herba originates from the dried whole
          plant of Compositae family Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.,T. borealisinense Kitam. or several plants of the same genus.
          Similar to it,Sonchus oleraceus Linn. (also known as“Kujucai”) cannot replace Taraxaci Herba as medicine. Because of its
          characteristics of rapid reproduction and vigorous growth,Taraxaci Herba is widely distributed in most areas of China.“Absolutely
          no in Lingnan”stated in Bencao Gangmu is inconsistent with the actual situation after consulting the relevant works. Ancient
          physicians take growth height of Taraxaci Herba as their quality standard. Now,those with many leaves,gray green color and long
          roots are preferred. Ancient doctors pointed out that Taraxaci Herba were mostly harvested in April and May of the lunar calendar,
          and modern research believes that it should be harvested in the near flowering period. In ancient times,Taraxaci Herba is processed
          by many methods,such as purification,charcoal-frying,honey-frying and wine-frying. In modern times,purification is the main
          method. This paper provides theoretical support for the value development and rational utilization of Taraxaci Herba by
          systematically researching its name,origin,place of production,harvesting and processing.
          KEYWORDS     Taraxaci Herba;herbal textural;origin;place of production;harvesting;processing



                                                                                   [1]
              蒲公英(Taraxaci Herba)为菊科蒲公英属多年生草                  瘰疬、咽痛、肺痈、肠痈等 。现代研究表明,蒲公英主要
          本植物,性寒味苦、甘,主归肝经,具有清热解毒、消肿散                          含有黄酮类、多糖类、酚酸类、植物甾醇类、萜类等化合
          结、利尿通淋等功效,常用于临床治疗疔疮肿毒、乳痈、
                                                              物,具有抗氧化、抗菌、消炎、抗肿瘤、提高免疫力、保护
              Δ 基金项目 山东省卫生健康委员会齐鲁医派中医学术流派传承                   胃肠道功能、抗内毒素等作用 。2018 年国家中医药管
                                                                                       [2]
          项目(No.鲁卫函〔2022〕93号,No.鲁卫函〔2021〕45号);山东省研究生
                                                              理局公布的《古代经典名方目录(第一批)》将包含蒲公
          教育质量提升计划立项项目(No.SDYAL20053,No.SDYKC21047)
              *第一作者 硕士研究生。研究方向:温病学理论及温病原著学                    英药材的名方“五味消毒饮”收录其中。菊科蒲公英属
          术思想。E-mail:2603099242@qq.com                        植物种类多、分布广,其中多种植物的干燥全草均被用
              # 通信作者 副教授,硕士生导师,博士。研究方向:温病学理论及
          温病原著学术思想。电话:0531-89628077。E-mail:zzshuang2000@126.  作“蒲公英”药材,导致其基原混淆不清,故有必要对蒲
          com                                                 公英进行详细的考证梳理。


          ·2556·   China Pharmacy 2022 Vol. 33 No. 20                                 中国药房    2022年第33卷第20期
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