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特殊人群患2型糖尿病的降糖药物选择策略 Δ
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葛金华 ,吕 娜 ,冯志海 (1.河南中医药大学第一临床医学院,郑州 450046;2.河南省中医药研究院附属
医院内分泌科,郑州 450004;3.河南中医药大学第一附属医院内分泌科,郑州 450099)
中图分类号 R969.3;R587.1 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2022)20-2545-06
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2022.20.22
摘 要 患2型糖尿病(T2DM)的特殊人群因年龄、性别、生理和病理状态的不同,在药物治疗方面与普通T2DM患者存在明显差
异。本文根据最新循证医学证据,系统综述了T2DM合并症或并发症患者、老年患者、儿童患者、妊娠期/哺乳期妇女等特殊人群
的降糖药物选择策略。在制定T2DM特殊人群的个体化降糖治疗方案时,医师需根据其不同特征,依据最新循证医学证据,合理
选用降糖药物,从而精准降糖,并预防和延缓糖尿病并发症的发生,例如对于合并动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病、心力衰竭、肾病、肝
病的T2DM 患者,可在二甲双胍基础上加用钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2抑制剂或胰高血糖素样肽1受体激动剂;对于合并胃轻瘫的
T2DM 患者,建议使用胰岛素;对于合并高尿酸血症或痛风的 T2DM 患者,应优先选用兼有降尿酸作用的降糖药物,并慎用胰岛
素;对于合并骨质疏松症的T2DM患者,应选用不影响骨代谢或有骨保护作用的降糖药物;对于T2DM老年患者,建议优先选择低
血糖风险较低的药物单用或联合使用。
关键词 2型糖尿病;特殊人群;降糖药物;选择策略
Selection strategies of hypoglycemic drug for special population with type 2 diabetes mellitus
GE Jinhua ,LYU Na ,FENG Zhihai (1. First College of Clinical Medicine,Henan University of Chinese
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Medicine,Zhengzhou 450046,China;2. Dept. of Endocrinology,the Affiliated Hospital of Henan Academy of
Chinese Medicine,Zhengzhou 450004,China;3. Dept. of Endocrinology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan
University of Chinese Medicine,Zhengzhou 450099,China)
ABSTRACT The special population with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are different from the ordinary T2DM patients in
terms of drug treatment due to age,gender,physiological and pathological status. Based on the latest evidence of evidence-based
medical evidence,this article systematically reviews the selection strategies of hypoglycemic drug in special population such as
T2DM patients with complications, elderly patients, children patients, pregnant/lactating women, etc. To formulate an
individualized hypoglycemic treatment plan for T2DM special population,it is necessary to reasonably select hypoglycemic drugs
according to their different characteristics and the latest evidence-based medical evidence,so as to precisely reduce blood sugar and
prevent and delay the occurrence of diabetic complications. For example,for T2DM patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular
disease,heart failure,kidney disease and liver disease,sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors or glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor
agonists should be used additionally on the basis of metformin;for T2DM patients with gastroparesis,insulin is recommended;for
T2DM patients with hyperuricemia or gout,hypoglycemic drugs with uric acid lowering effects should be preferred,and insulin
should be used with caution;for T2DM patients with osteoporosis,hypoglycemic drugs that do not affect bone metabolism or have
bone protection effects should be selected;for the elderly patients with T2DM,it is recommended to give priority to the drugs with
low risk of hypoglycemia alone or in combination.
KEYWORDS type 2 diabetes mellitus;special population;hypoglycemic drugs;selection strategy
近年来,随着人们生活方式的改变,糖尿病患病率 率高达 11.2%,且 2 型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,
在全球范围内逐年上升,我国≥18岁人群糖尿病的患病 T2DM)占糖尿病患者的90%以上 ,严重威胁人类生命
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Δ 基金项目 河南省首批青苗人才培养项目(No. 豫中医科教 健康。药物治疗在糖尿病治疗中占非常重要的地位。
〔2018〕16号) 目前,临床使用的降糖药物种类繁多,主要包括双胍类、
*第一作者 硕士研究生。研究方向:中医药防治内分泌疾病。电 磺脲类、格列奈类、α-糖苷酶抑制剂、噻唑烷二酮类、二
话:0371-66269703。E-mail:hnxcgjh@163.com
肽 基 肽 酶 Ⅳ 抑 制 剂(dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors,
# 通信作者 主任中医师,硕士生导师。研究方向:中医药防治内
分泌疾病。电话:0371-66231045。E-mail:13607649136@163.com DPP-4i)、钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白 2 抑制剂(sodium glu‐
中国药房 2022年第33卷第20期 China Pharmacy 2022 Vol. 33 No. 20 ·2545·