Page 13 - 《中国药房》2022年17期
P. 13
·药事管理·
日本自我药疗税制发展沿革及对我国的启示 Δ
1
2
1
1 #
张宏盟 ,陈 磊 ,李文君 ,李高洁 ,席晓宇 (1.中国药科大学国家药物政策与医药产业经济研究中心,南京
1*
211198;2.南京理工大学紫金学院,南京 210023)
中图分类号 R95 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2022)17-2055-05
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2022.17.02
摘 要 目的 借鉴日本自我药疗税制实施经验,完善我国非处方药费用分担机制。方法 通过查阅政策与文献资料,总结日本自
我药疗税制发展沿革与具体内容,分析其实施现状与效果,并结合我国非处方药保障的实际情况提出完善建议。结果与结论 日
本自2017年起实施自我药疗税制,厚生劳动省对申请税制的前提条件和税制的扣除标准等均作出了明确规定,并建立了药品清
单,负责税制药品的定期纳入与排出。自我药疗税制在促进日本居民自我健康管理、预防疾病和降低医疗费用等方面效果显著。
我国可借鉴日本自我药疗税制做法和我国大病医疗专项附加扣除制度实施经验,在个人所得税专项附加扣除中增设非处方药专
项扣除并确定扣除标准与适用人群范围,建立非处方药专项目录,促进合理自我药疗,从而减轻居民医疗费用负担,探索出一条适
用于我国国情的非处方药费用分担新途径。
关键词 自我药疗税制;处方药转换;医疗费用扣除;自我药疗
Evolution of Japanese self-medication tax system and its enlightenment to China
1
2
1
ZHANG Hongmeng ,CHEN Lei ,LI Wenjun ,LI Gaojie ,XI Xiaoyu(1. Research Center of National Drug
1
1
Policy & Ecosystem,China Pharmaceutical University,Nanjing 211198,China;2. Zijin College,Nanjing
University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210023,China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To learn from the self-medication tax system in Japan and improve over-the-counter drug cost sharing
mechanism in China. METHODS By searching relevant policies and literature,the evolution,specific contents,current situation
and effects of Japanese self-medication tax system were summarized. Recommendations were put forward in the light of the actual
situation of over-the-counter drug guarantee in China. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS Japan has implemented the self-medication
tax system since 2017. The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare has made clear provisions on the preconditions for applying
for the tax system and the deduction standards of the tax system,and established a list of drugs to be responsible for the regular
inclusion and discharge of the drugs under the tax system. The self-medication tax system has a remarkable effect in promoting the
self-health management,disease prevention and reducing medical expenses of Japanese residents. Our country can learn from the
self-medication tax system in Japan and the experience of implementing the special deduction system for major medical conditions
in China. To promote rational self-medication,it is advisable to add a special deduction system for over-the-counter drugs into
deductions in personal income tax and formulate the criteria and scope of application,and establish a special list of over-the-counter
drugs,thereby reducing the heavy burden of medical expenses of residents,and exploring a new way to share the costs of
over-the-counter drugs which is applicable to our national conditions.
KEYWORDS self-medication tax system;Rx-to-OTC switch;medical expense deduction;self-medication
一般而言,医疗卫生支出主要由政府提供的医疗保 经成为国内外主流趋势。目前,美国、日本和澳大利亚
障制度、法定医疗保险、商业健康保险和个人自付医疗 等国家均不对非处方药进行医保支付 [2-4] 。由于社会老
[1]
费用4个部分组成 。非处方药费用由患者个人负担已 龄化进程的不断推进,我国医疗机构资源日益紧张,基
[5]
Δ 基 金 项 目 江 苏 高 校 哲 学 社 会 科 学 研 究 基 金 资 助 项 目 本医疗保险基金压力不断增大 。2020 年,我国新修订
(No.2019SJA0062) 的《基本医疗保险用药管理暂行办法》(后文简称《管
*第一作者 硕士研究生。研究方向:药物经济学、医药卫生政
理办法》)指出,《国家基本医疗保险、工伤保险和生育保
策。电话:025-86185211。E-mail:903432021@qq.com
险药品目录》(后文简称《医保目录》)原则上不再新增非
# 通信作者 研究员,博士生导师,博士。研究方向:药物经济学、
[6]
医药卫生政策。电话:025-86185211。E-mail:cpuxixiaoyu@163.com 处方药 。
中国药房 2022年第33卷第17期 China Pharmacy 2022 Vol. 33 No. 17 ·2055 ·