Page 129 - 《中国药房》2022年15期

·综述·

芡实的炮制沿革及现代研究进展 Δ

邓秋童 ，齐 英 ，王秋红 （1.广东药科大学中药学院，广州 510006；2.黑龙江中医药大学教育部北药基础
1＊
1
1，2 #
与应用研究重点实验室/黑龙江省中药及天然药物药效物质基础研究重点实验室，哈尔滨 150040）
中图分类号 R943.1 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408（2022）15-1911-05
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2022.15.23

摘 要 芡实为睡莲科植物芡Euryale ferox Salisb.的干燥成熟种仁，生芡实的功效以涩精止带为主，而炒芡实的功效则以补脾健
胃为主，由此可知，炮制对芡实的功效具有重要影响。笔者通过查阅相关典籍及文献，对芡实的炮制沿革、化学成分、药理作用、质
量控制进行了归纳总结。结果发现，历代芡实炮制方法主要有净制、药汁制、炒制、蒸制，现代炮制方法主要沿用净制和炒制，其中
炒制还可分为清炒与麸炒。芡实主要含有多酚类、黄酮类、甾醇类等成分，具有抗氧化、抗菌、降糖等药理作用。当前学者已建立
多种指纹图谱对芡实的质量进行控制，柚皮素、总氨基酸等成分可能是影响芡实质量的差异性成分，重金属、二氧化硫含量则是影
响芡实安全性的重要指标，α-生育酚、没食子酸等可能是芡实的质量标志物。后续可根据芡实生、熟炮制品的基本属性，利用药学
分析方法全面考察芡实炮制前后化学成分的差异及变化规律，应用体内、体外模型评价芡实炮制前后的药效作用，从而为芡实的
炮制工艺传承、炮制标准制定及临床应用提供参考。
关键词 芡实；炮制；历史沿革；化学成分；药理作用；质量控制

Processing evolution and modern research progress of Euryale ferox
DENG Qiutong ，QI Ying ，WANG Qiuhong （1.School of Traditional Chinese Medicine，Guangdong Pharmaceutical
1，2
1
1
University，Guangzhou 510006，China；2.Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Northern Medicine
of Ministry of Education/Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Material Basis Research of
Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Drugs，Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine，Harbin 150040，
China）

ABSTRACT Euryale ferox is the dry and mature seed kernel of Euryale ferox Salisb.，the effect of raw E. ferox is mainly to
astringe spontaneous emission or leukorrhea，while the effect of fried E. ferox is mainly to tonify the spleen and stomach. Therefore，
processing has an important impact on the effect of E. ferox. The author summarizes the processing evolution，chemical composition，
pharmacological action and quality control of E. ferox by consulting past materia medica monographs and related research papers.
The results show that the processing methods of E. ferox in the past include cleansing，medicinal juice，frying and steaming；modern
processing methods mainly continue to use cleansing and frying，among which frying can be divided into stir-frying and bran-frying.
E. ferox mainly contains polyphenols，flavonoids，sterols and other components，with antioxidant，antibacterial，hypoglycemic and
other pharmacological effects. At present，scholars have established a variety of fingerprints to control the quality of E. ferox.
Naringin，total amino acids and other components may be the differential components that affect the quality of E. ferox，while the
contents of heavy metals and sulfur dioxide are important indicators that affect the safety of E. ferox，and α-tocopherol and gallic
acid may be the quality markers of E. ferox. Later，according to the basic properties of raw and processed products of E. ferox，
pharmaceutical analysis methods can be used to comprehensively investigate the differences and change rules of chemical
components in E. ferox before and after processing. The pharmacodynamic effects of E. ferox before and after processing can be
evaluated by in vivo and in vitro models，so as to provide references for the inheritance of processing technology，the formulation of
processing standards and clinical application of E. ferox.
KEYWORDS Euryale ferox；processing；historical evolution；chemical composition；pharmacological effects；quality control

芡实为睡莲科植物芡Euryale ferox Salisb.的干燥成
Δ 基金项目 国家自然科学基金资助项目（No.81773904）；国家重
点研发计划中医药现代化研究重点专项（No.2018YFC1707100）；广东 熟种仁，味甘、涩，性平，归脾、肾经，具有益肾固精、补脾
省重点领域研发计划项目（No.2020B1111120002） 止泻、祛湿止带的功能，常用于遗精滑精、遗尿尿频、带
＊ 第 一 作 者 硕 士 研 究 生 。 研 究 方 向 ：中 药 炮 制 。 E-mail：
下、白浊、小便不禁兼有腥浊者。生芡实的功效以涩精
963990187@qq.com
止带为主，而炒芡实的功效则以补脾健胃为主，由此可
# 通信作者 教授，博士。研究方向：中药炮制。E-mail：qh-
wang668@sina.com 知，炮制对芡实的功效具有重要影响。另外，由于芡实

中国药房 2022年第33卷第15期 China Pharmacy 2022 Vol. 33 No. 15 ·1911 ·