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但该给药方案的安全性还需进一步验证。                                      Augmented renal clearance in the critically ill:how to
        3.5 抗菌药物剂量推荐                                            assess kidney function[J]. Ann Pharmacother,2012,46(7/
            笔者根据近几年的文献及相关综述,对经肾脏排泄                              8):952-959.
        的常用抗菌药物用于 ARC 患者的给药剂量进行整理,                         [ 7 ]  MAY C C,ARORA S,PARLI S E,et al. Augmented renal
                                                                clearance in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage[J].
        结果见表2。
                                                                Neurocrit Care,2015,23(3):374-379.
            表2 ARC患者常用抗菌药物的给药剂量推荐
                                                           [ 8 ]  SHIMAMOTO Y,FUKUDA T,TANAKA K,et al. Sys-
         抗菌药物      推荐剂量                  药动学/药效学目标              temic inflammatory response syndrome criteria and vanco-
         万古霉素      静脉滴注,负荷剂量1.5 g、q12 h,维持剂量 稳态谷浓度20~25 mg/L
                   4.5 g/d [16]                                 mycin dose requirement in patients with sepsis[J]. Inten-
                   静脉滴注,负荷剂量15 mg/kg,维持剂量42 稳态谷浓度20 mg/L        sive Care Med,2013,39(7):1247-1252.
                   mg/(kg·d) [4]                           [ 9 ]  UDY A A,JARRETT P,LASSIG-SMITH M,et al. Aug-
         替考拉宁      静脉滴注,负荷剂量800 mg、q12 h、3剂,维 稳态谷浓度10~30 mg/L   mented renal clearance in traumatic brain injury:a sin-
                   持剂量 8~12 mg/kg、qd [21]
                                                                gle-center observational study of atrial natriuretic peptide,
         庆大霉素      静脉滴注,7 mg/(kg·d) [23]  cmax/MIC≥8~10
         达托霉素      静脉滴注,10 mg/(kg·d)或750 mg/d [24]  AUC0-24 h/MIC≥666  cardiac output,and creatinine clearance[J]. J Neurotrauma,
         哌拉西林/他唑巴坦 3 g、q6 h或q8 h、静脉滴注3~4 h或至少12 50%f T>MIC(MIC=16 mg/L)  2017,34(1):137-144.
                   g/d持续给药 [30]
                                                           [10]  CHERRY R A,EACHEMPATI S R,HYDO L,et al. Accu-
         头孢匹罗      4 g/d持续给药或1 g、q4 h [35]  60%f T>MIC(MIC=4 mg/L)  racy of short-duration creatinine clearance determinations
         美罗培南      2 g、q6 h或2 g、q4 h,静脉滴注30 min [38]  60%f T>4 MIC(MIC=2 mg/L)
         亚胺培南      500 mg、q4 h或750 mg、q6 h,静脉滴注2 h [39]  90%f T>MIC(MIC=1 mg/L)  in predicting 24-hour creatinine clearance in critically ill
         多利培南      2 g、q8 h,静脉滴注持续1 h以上 [40]  40%f T>MIC(MIC=8 mg/L)  and injured patients[J]. J Trauma,2002,53(2):267-271.
         左氧氟沙星     750 mg/d或1 000 mg/d,静脉滴注1 h [41]  AUC0-24 h/MIC≥80  [11]  UDY A A,MORTON F J,NGUYEN-PHAM S,et al. A
         环丙沙星      静脉滴注,1 600 mg/d或2 400 mg/d [42]  AUC0-24 h/MIC≥125
                                                                comparison of CKD-EPI estimated glomerular filtration
        4 结语                                                    rate and measured creatinine clearance in recently admit-
            ARC广泛存在于危重症患者中,发生的危险因素包                             ted critically ill patients with normal plasma creatinine
        括年龄(≤50 岁)、脑创伤、脓毒症、多发性创伤等,临床                            concentrations[J]. BMC Nephrol,2013,14:250.
        抗菌治疗中应对上述患者予以特别关注,科学评估患者                           [12]  STEINKE T,MORITZ S,BECK S,et al. Estimation of
        是否为ARC并根据TDM结果及时调整给药方案。常见                               creatinine clearance using plasma creatinine or cystatin C:
        抗菌药物中,万古霉素和氨基糖苷类抗菌药物的安全范                                a secondary analysis of two pharmacokinetic studies in
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        围狭窄,ARC患者超剂量应用时应联合TDM;β-内酰胺
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        件允许下应尽量联合 TDM,以防止药物浓度过低导致
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        参考文献                                                    comycin levels are frequently subtherapeutic in critically
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        中国药房    2022年第33卷第14期                                            China Pharmacy 2022 Vol. 33 No. 14  ·1785 ·
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