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智能响应型纳米载体用于核酸类药物递送的研究进展



                         1,2
                                            2 #
        李 慧   1,2* ,张金榜 ,李佳欣 ,李志平 (1.河南大学药学院,河南 开封 475004;2.军事科学院军事医学研究
                                  1,2
        院毒物药物研究所,北京 100850)
        中图分类号 R943          文献标志码 A          文章编号 1001-0408(2022)09-1147-06
        DOI  10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2022.09.21

        摘  要   核酸类药物可以直接对特定蛋白表达相关基因进行调控,同时因其序列设计简单、合成修饰方便、作用机制明确,已受到
        越来越多的关注,且有望成为肿瘤治疗等领域最有前景的药物之一。然而,核酸类药物必须依赖有效载体才能克服自身局限性以
        及各种跨膜障碍进而发挥疗效。目前,非病毒核酸类递送载体多存在转染效率较低的缺点,为此,研究者们设计了一系列针对体
        内病理环境和体外物理刺激的智能响应型纳米载体,该类载体可通过响应体内pH、氧化还原条件等特定变化或者温度、光照、超
        声波、磁场等外部刺激,来实现核酸类药物的精准调控释放,并提高其在靶细胞内的转染效率,降低其对正常组织和细胞的毒副作
        用。本文综述了当前智能响应型纳米载体在核酸类药物递送领域的研究进展,对智能响应型核酸类药物载体的功能设计及作用
        特点进行了介绍,以期为核酸类药物及其递送系统的研究提供参考。
        关键词 核酸类药物;纳米载体;递送系统;智能响应;内源性刺激;物理刺激


        Research progress of smart responsive nanocarriers for nucleic acid drug delivery
        LI Hui ,ZHANG Jinbang ,LI Jiaxin ,LI Zhiping(1. School of Pharmacy,Henan University,Henan Kaifeng
                                                      2
                                          1,2
              1,2
                               1,2
        475004,China;2. Institute of Poisons and Drugs,Academy of Military Medical Sciences,Academy of Military
        Sciences,Beijing 100850,China)
        ABSTRACT    Nucleic acid drugs have received increasing attention and are considered to be potential for the therapy of many
        diseases such as tumor therapy. This is due to their selective regulation of specific protein expression,simple sequence design,easy
        synthesis and modification,and clear mechanism of action. However,nucleic acid drugs have to be delivered by carriers to
        produce therapeutic effects, because nucleotides must rely on effective carriers to overcome their limitations and various
        transmembrane barriers. Currently, most non-viral nucleic acid delivery carriers have the disadvantage of poor transfection
        efficiency. The researchers design a series of smart responsive nanocarriers that respond to the pathological environments in vivo or
        physical stimulations in vitro. By responding to internal special changes such as pH values and redox conditions or to external
        stimuli such as temperature,ultrasound,magnetic field and light,the smart responsive nanocarriers can achieve precise regulation
        of drug release,enhance the transfection efficiency of nucleotides in target cells and reduce the toxic side effects on normal tissues
        and cells. This review summarizes the progress of smart responsive nanocarriers in the field of nucleic acid drugs delivery and
        introduces the functional design and features of smart responsive nanocarriers. The intent is to provide a reference for the
        development of nucleic acid drugs and their delivery systems.
        KEYWORDS    nucleic acid drugs;nanocarriers;delivery system;smart responsive;endogenous stimulus;physical stimulus



            核酸类药物又称核苷酸类药物,主要指各种具有不                         疗等领域最有前景的药物之一 。然而,核酸类药物分
                                                                                      [1]
        同功能的寡聚 RNA 或寡聚 DNA,在基因水平发挥疾病                       子量大,不易被细胞摄取,自身稳定性差,同时必须进入
        治疗作用。一般认为,核酸类药物包括适配体(apta-                         细胞才能发挥作用 。因此,核酸类药物必须依赖有效
                                                                            [2]
        mer)、反义核酸(antisense nucleic acid)、核酶(ribozyme)     的细胞内递送载体才能发挥疗效 。
                                                                                       [3]
        以及 RNA 干扰剂等,该类药物具有特定的作用机制和                             目前,用于核酸类药物的递送载体包括病毒载体和
        作用靶点,能特异性地实现治疗作用,有望成为肿瘤治
                                                           非病毒载体,通常病毒类载体具有较高的转染效率,但
           *硕士研究生。研究方向:药物制剂。E-mail:1551398517@qq.          由于该类载体存在免疫原性强、制备流程复杂、肿瘤蓄
        com
                                                           积性差以及恢复毒力概率高等问题,极大地限制了其在
           # 通信作者:副研究员,硕士生导师,博士。研究方向:药物制剂。
        E-mail:dearwood2010@126.com                        核酸类药物递送方面的应用。为此,相关研究者开始探


        中国药房    2022年第33卷第9期                                              China Pharmacy 2022 Vol. 33 No. 9  ·1147 ·
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