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week. Tiapride combined with clonidine group was given Tiapride hydrochloride tablets(same usage and dosage as tiapride group)+
        Clonidine transdermal patches(same usage and dosage as clonidine group). The treatment course of 3 groups was 3 months. After
        the treatment,they were followed up every 3 months(the following were expressed as 24,36 and 48 weeks after treatment). Yale
        global tie severity scale (YGTSS) scores of 3 groups were observed before treatment,after 4,8,12,24,36,48 weeks of
        treatment,and the occurrence of ADR was recorded at different follow up time points. RESULTS:Before treatment,there was no
        statistical significance in YGTSS scores among 3 groups(P>0.05). After 4,8,12,24,36 and 48 weeks of treatment,YGTSS
        scores of 3 groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05). After 4,8 and 12 weeks of treatment,YGTSS
        scores of tiapride combined with clonidine group were significantly lower than tiapride group and clonidine group(P<0.05),while
        there was no statistical significance between tiapride group and clonidine group(P>0.05). At 24 weeks of treatment,YGTSS score
        of children in tiopride combined with clonidine group was significantly lower than tiopride group(P<0.05),but there were no
        significant differences between tiopride combined with clonidine group and tiopride group,and between tiopride group and
        clonidine group(P>0.05). After 36 and 48 weeks of treatment,there was no significant difference in YGTSS scores among 3
        groups(P>0.05). After 12 weeks of treatment,the results of P value corrected by Bonferroni method showed that YGTSS score
        of tiopride combined with clonidine group was significantly lower than those of tiopride group and clonidine group(P<0.016 7),
        while there was no statistical significance in the difference between tiopride group and clonidine group(P>0.016 7). There was no
        statistically significant difference in the total incidence of ADR among 3 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Clonidine,tiapride
        and tiapride combined with clonidine can significantly improve the tic symptoms of TD children with good safety.
        KEYWORDS Tic disorder;Children;Clonidine;Tiapride;Efficacy;Safety;Cohort study



            抽动障碍(tic disorder,TD)是一种起病于儿童和青                1 资料与方法
        少年期的难治性神经精神性疾病,也是一组原因未明的                           1.1  纳入与排除标准
        运动障碍,主要表现为一个或多个部位肌肉运动性或发                               纳入标准包括:(1)均符合《精神疾病诊断与统计手
                                                                                                [8]
        声性抽动,具有不自主、反复、快速、无目的等特点,分为                         册(第5版)》(DSM-Ⅴ)中的相关诊断标准 ;(2)年龄<
        短暂性抽动障碍(transient tic disorder,TTD)、持续性(慢          18 岁;(3)监护人愿意参与本研究,并签署了知情同意
        性)抽动障碍(chronic tic disorder,CTD)、图雷特综合征            书;(4)正在服用 TD 治疗药物,包括首次服用或者一直
       (Tourette syndrome,TS)和其他类型     [1-2] 。目前,全球的       在服用。
        TD 发病率约为 5.37%,我国约为 6.10%且高于国外发                        排除标准包括:(1)脑瘫、脑膜炎、运动语言发育落
        病率  [3-4] 。                                        后、咬甲症、擦腿综合征、重症肌无力、眼斜患儿以及其
            药物是治疗 TD 的主要手段,治疗的主要目的是降                       他神经精神疾病患儿;(2)就医陪伴人不固定的患儿。
        低抽动频率,减少疾病对患儿生活质量的影响                    [5-6] 。TD  1.2  样本量估计
        的常用治疗药物有典型抗精神病药物(如氟哌啶醇)、非                              所需样本量参考独立两样本均数差的样本量估计

        典型抗精神病药物(如阿立哌唑、利培酮)、苯甲酰胺类                                                  1     Z1-α/2+Z1-β
                                                                                                      2
                                                           公式计算:nA=knB,nB=(1+        )(σ             )。式
        药物(如硫必利)、α 2肾上腺素能受体激动剂(如可乐定)                                               K        UA-UB
                                 [5]
        和抗癫痫药物(如托吡酯)等 。但目前关于 TD 治疗药                        中,nA、nB表示不同组别的样本量,Z 为统计量 Z 值,K 为
        物的选择尚无统一的全球标准,用药方案的拟定主要基                           两组的样本比例,σ为两组的合并标准差,U为均数,α=
                                                                            [9]
        于有限的研究证据和临床使用经验 。                                  0.05,β=0.20,K=1 。其中,均数和标准差参考已发表
                                      [6]
            队列研究是将某一特定人群按是否暴露于某可疑                          的文献[10-11],取最大值 n=83,考虑 20%的失访率,
        因素或暴露程度分为不同的亚组,追踪并观察治疗结局                           保守估计每组需要的样本量为104例,3组共计312例。
        的发生情况,比较各组之间结局发生率的差异,从而判                           1.3 资料来源
        定暴露因素与该结局之间有无因果关联及关联程度的                                连续性收集 2019 年 1-12 月于四川大学华西第二
        一种观察性研究方法,可用于评价药物的长期疗效和安                           医院门诊部就诊的312例TD患儿的资料,其中男性229
        全性 。可乐定、硫必利为我院常用的治疗儿童TD的药                          例、女性 83 例;平均年龄(8.32±2.54)岁;平均病程
            [7]
        物。基于此,本研究探讨了可乐定、硫必利、硫必利联合                          (1.95±1.72)年。312例患儿中,91例(29.17%)为TTD,
        可乐定等 3 种用药方案用于儿童 TD 的有效性和安全                        114 例(36.54%)为 CTD,107 例(34.29%)为 TS;有 51 例
        性,旨在为临床用药提供参考。                                     (16.35%)为共患病(注意力缺陷多动障碍)。


        中国药房    2021年第32卷第20期                                            China Pharmacy 2021 Vol. 32 No. 20  ·2515 ·
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