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week. Tiapride combined with clonidine group was given Tiapride hydrochloride tablets(same usage and dosage as tiapride group)+
Clonidine transdermal patches(same usage and dosage as clonidine group). The treatment course of 3 groups was 3 months. After
the treatment,they were followed up every 3 months(the following were expressed as 24,36 and 48 weeks after treatment). Yale
global tie severity scale (YGTSS) scores of 3 groups were observed before treatment,after 4,8,12,24,36,48 weeks of
treatment,and the occurrence of ADR was recorded at different follow up time points. RESULTS:Before treatment,there was no
statistical significance in YGTSS scores among 3 groups(P>0.05). After 4,8,12,24,36 and 48 weeks of treatment,YGTSS
scores of 3 groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05). After 4,8 and 12 weeks of treatment,YGTSS
scores of tiapride combined with clonidine group were significantly lower than tiapride group and clonidine group(P<0.05),while
there was no statistical significance between tiapride group and clonidine group(P>0.05). At 24 weeks of treatment,YGTSS score
of children in tiopride combined with clonidine group was significantly lower than tiopride group(P<0.05),but there were no
significant differences between tiopride combined with clonidine group and tiopride group,and between tiopride group and
clonidine group(P>0.05). After 36 and 48 weeks of treatment,there was no significant difference in YGTSS scores among 3
groups(P>0.05). After 12 weeks of treatment,the results of P value corrected by Bonferroni method showed that YGTSS score
of tiopride combined with clonidine group was significantly lower than those of tiopride group and clonidine group(P<0.016 7),
while there was no statistical significance in the difference between tiopride group and clonidine group(P>0.016 7). There was no
statistically significant difference in the total incidence of ADR among 3 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Clonidine,tiapride
and tiapride combined with clonidine can significantly improve the tic symptoms of TD children with good safety.
KEYWORDS Tic disorder;Children;Clonidine;Tiapride;Efficacy;Safety;Cohort study
抽动障碍(tic disorder,TD)是一种起病于儿童和青 1 资料与方法
少年期的难治性神经精神性疾病,也是一组原因未明的 1.1 纳入与排除标准
运动障碍,主要表现为一个或多个部位肌肉运动性或发 纳入标准包括:(1)均符合《精神疾病诊断与统计手
[8]
声性抽动,具有不自主、反复、快速、无目的等特点,分为 册(第5版)》(DSM-Ⅴ)中的相关诊断标准 ;(2)年龄<
短暂性抽动障碍(transient tic disorder,TTD)、持续性(慢 18 岁;(3)监护人愿意参与本研究,并签署了知情同意
性)抽动障碍(chronic tic disorder,CTD)、图雷特综合征 书;(4)正在服用 TD 治疗药物,包括首次服用或者一直
(Tourette syndrome,TS)和其他类型 [1-2] 。目前,全球的 在服用。
TD 发病率约为 5.37%,我国约为 6.10%且高于国外发 排除标准包括:(1)脑瘫、脑膜炎、运动语言发育落
病率 [3-4] 。 后、咬甲症、擦腿综合征、重症肌无力、眼斜患儿以及其
药物是治疗 TD 的主要手段,治疗的主要目的是降 他神经精神疾病患儿;(2)就医陪伴人不固定的患儿。
低抽动频率,减少疾病对患儿生活质量的影响 [5-6] 。TD 1.2 样本量估计
的常用治疗药物有典型抗精神病药物(如氟哌啶醇)、非 所需样本量参考独立两样本均数差的样本量估计
典型抗精神病药物(如阿立哌唑、利培酮)、苯甲酰胺类 1 Z1-α/2+Z1-β
2
公式计算:nA=knB,nB=(1+ )(σ )。式
药物(如硫必利)、α 2肾上腺素能受体激动剂(如可乐定) K UA-UB
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和抗癫痫药物(如托吡酯)等 。但目前关于 TD 治疗药 中,nA、nB表示不同组别的样本量,Z 为统计量 Z 值,K 为
物的选择尚无统一的全球标准,用药方案的拟定主要基 两组的样本比例,σ为两组的合并标准差,U为均数,α=
[9]
于有限的研究证据和临床使用经验 。 0.05,β=0.20,K=1 。其中,均数和标准差参考已发表
[6]
队列研究是将某一特定人群按是否暴露于某可疑 的文献[10-11],取最大值 n=83,考虑 20%的失访率,
因素或暴露程度分为不同的亚组,追踪并观察治疗结局 保守估计每组需要的样本量为104例,3组共计312例。
的发生情况,比较各组之间结局发生率的差异,从而判 1.3 资料来源
定暴露因素与该结局之间有无因果关联及关联程度的 连续性收集 2019 年 1-12 月于四川大学华西第二
一种观察性研究方法,可用于评价药物的长期疗效和安 医院门诊部就诊的312例TD患儿的资料,其中男性229
全性 。可乐定、硫必利为我院常用的治疗儿童TD的药 例、女性 83 例;平均年龄(8.32±2.54)岁;平均病程
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物。基于此,本研究探讨了可乐定、硫必利、硫必利联合 (1.95±1.72)年。312例患儿中,91例(29.17%)为TTD,
可乐定等 3 种用药方案用于儿童 TD 的有效性和安全 114 例(36.54%)为 CTD,107 例(34.29%)为 TS;有 51 例
性,旨在为临床用药提供参考。 (16.35%)为共患病(注意力缺陷多动障碍)。
中国药房 2021年第32卷第20期 China Pharmacy 2021 Vol. 32 No. 20 ·2515 ·