Page 122 - 2021年19期
P. 122

ABSTRACT    OBJECTIVE:To study the current status and influencing factors of medication compliance in children with tic
        disorder(TD),and to provide reference for improving medication compliance in TD children. METHODS:The questionnaire was
        designed according to the protection motivation theory. The cross-sectional study was adopted to conduct questionnaire survey
        among TD children in West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University from Jan. 2018 to Dec. 2019. The structural equation
        model was established according to the theoretical assumptions,and the maximum likelihood method was used to estimate the
        model;multiple linear regression analysis was carried out for the factors with significant influence in the single factor analysis,and
        path analysis and intermediary effect test were carried out. RESULTS:A total of 317 patients with TD were included,the mean age
        was(8.38 ± 2.54)years,and the mean course of disease was(3.19 ± 2.46)years. Average medication compliance scores was
        (5.70±1.69),among which 15.1% was low compliance,37.5% moderate compliance,and 47.3% high compliance. Multivariate
        linear regression analysis showed that comorbidities(β=0.124,SE=0.167,P=0.011),education level of the main guardian(β=
        0.236,SE=0.110,P<0.001),quality of life(β=0.399,SE=0.112,P<0.001)and the types of drugs taken(β=0.166,SE=
        0.047,P=0.001)were the factors affecting medication compliance of children with TD. Structural equation model analysis showed
        that severity(β=0.295,95%CI:0.103-0.493),external return(β=0.830,95%CI:0.662-1.002),self-efficacy(β=0.200,95%CI:
        0.057-0.353),susceptibility(β=0.220,95%CI:0.084-0.352)and quality of life(β=0.353,95%CI:0.211-0.500)had a direct
        positive impact on medication compliance. Quality of life mediated between external returns and compliance variables(intermediary
        effect accounted for 13.9% of the total effect value). CONCLUSIONS:Children with TD have low medication compliance. It is
        recommended that pediatricians in medical institutions at all levels to manage the medication compliance of patients with TD from
        the severity,susceptibility,external returns and self-efficacy,so as to improve patients and guardians’awareness of the severity
        and susceptibility of disease and medication non-adherence,weaken external returns and increase self-efficacy,and ultimately
        improve medication compliance of patients.
        KEYWORDS      Children; Tic disorder; Medication compliance; Protective motivation theory; Structural equation model;
        Influential factor

            抽动障碍(tic disorder,TD)是一种儿童常见的神经                 响因素,以期为儿童TD的用药管理提供证据参考。
        精神性疾病,临床表现为一个部位或多个部位肌肉运动                            1 资料与方法
        性或发声性抽动,具有突然、不自主、反复、快速和无目                           1.1  调查人群
        的等特点 。根据临床特征和患病时间,TD可分为暂时                               2018年1月-2019年12月,序贯收集来源于四川大
                [1]
        性抽动障碍(transient tic disorder,TTD)、持续性(慢性)           学华西第二医院门诊部就诊的、经《美国精神病学会精
        抽动障碍(chronic tic disorder,CTD)、图雷特综合征               神神经病诊断统计分册第 5 版》(Diagnostic and Statisti-
        (Tourette syndrome,TS)和其他尚未界定的抽动障碍 4                cal Manual of Mental Disorders,DSM-Ⅴ)诊断标准确诊
        种类型。流行病学调研显示,全球儿童 TTD 患病率为                          的儿童TD病例。纳入标准包括:①经DSM-Ⅴ诊断标准
        2.99%,CTD患病率为1.61%,TS患病率为0.77%,男孩                   确诊为 TD 的患者;②年龄小于 18 岁;③监护人愿意患
                               [2]
        TD患病率是女孩的4.24倍 。而我国儿童TD患病率为                         者参与此研究,并签署知情同意书。排除标准包括:①
        6.1%,TTD、CTD 和 TS 的患病率分别为 1.7%、1.2%和                脑瘫、脑膜炎、运动语言发育落后、咬甲症、擦腿综合征、
                                                      [3]
        0.3%;其中男孩TD患病率为5.1%,是女孩的2.125倍 。                    重症肌无力、眼斜等其他神经精神疾病的患者;②就医
            TD患者常受到共患病(如注意力缺陷多动障碍、强                         陪伴人不固定的儿童患者。
        迫症等)的困扰,学习、生活和社交均受到严重影响。相                           1.2  资料收集
        关研究报道,药物是治疗TD的主要手段,用药依从性是                               参考保护动机理论的7个维度(即7个因素)设计问
        药物治疗效果的重要影响因素              [4-5] ;同时,相关研究还评         卷,采用面对面调查的方式,收集以下信息:①患者基线
        价了儿童 TD 患者用药依从性及其影响因素,发现患者                          特征——患者性别、年龄、患病时长、家族史、抽动类型、
        的用药依从性不佳,影响因素差异较大,且用药行为的                            有无共患病、共患病类型、药物不良反应等;②监护人信
        分析缺乏理论支撑         [6-8] 。因此,有必要结合理论依据,进              息——患者主要监护人及其年龄、家庭结构、职业、文化
        一步探索影响用药依从性的相关因素,并基于理论制定                            程度、居住地等;③其他信息——患者服用药物种类、用
        儿童 TD 患者用药依从性的管理策略,以提升药物治疗                          药依从性情况、生活质量情况和焦虑情况等。
        效果。保护动机理论(protection motivation theory)是在               依从性评价采用保护动机理论作为支撑。该理论
        健康信念模式的基础上延伸而成的,将行为在长期过程                            包含 2 个方面(威胁评估和应对评估)和 7 个因素(严重
        中所带来的“奖励”作为考虑因素,并且考虑环境和社会                           性、易感性、外部回报、内部回报、自我效能、反应效益和
        因素对行为方式的影响,所以该理论强调行为主体对行                            反应代价) 。本研究针对儿童 TD 患者用药依从性,基
                                                                     [9]
        为长期认知的调节作用 。本研究基于保护动机理论设                            于保护动机的 7 个因素共设计 22 个条目。采用 Likert
                             [9]
        计调查问卷,采用结构方程模型,分析用药依从性的影                            1~5 分计分法进行量表进行评分,从 1 分到 5 分代表同


        ·2416 ·  China Pharmacy 2021 Vol. 32 No. 19                                 中国药房    2021年第32卷第19期
   117   118   119   120   121   122   123   124   125   126   127