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safety signals of these two drugs under the condition that the lower limit of information component(IC-2SD)>0 and the number
of events ≥3. The medium and strong signals of two drugs with IC-2SD≥1.5 were evaluated and compared in 8 system organ
class,such as gastrointestinal system,hepatobiliary system,blood and lymphatic system,blood vessels and lymphatic vessels,
nervous system,immune system,metabolism and nutrition,various examinations. IC value of specific ADE signal and its 95%
confidence interval were analyzed by time scanning spectrum. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The reports of PEG-ASP and L-ASP
as suspected drugs were 2 324 and 3 824;67 and 68 medium and strong signals were included,respectively. In gastrointestinal
system,the common strong signal of PEG-ASP and L-ASP was necrotic pancreatitis. In hepatobiliary system,both of them showed
strong signal in venoocclusive liver disease,and this ADE was not included in the drug instruction. In blood and lymphatic system,
common strong signals of the two drugs were febrile neutropenia,coagulation disorder,neutropenia and febrile bone marrow
regeneration disorder;in blood vessels and lymphatic vessels,in addition to haemodynamic instability,IC values of other signals
of L-ASP were higher than those of PEG-ASP. In nervous system,IC values of other signals of L-ASP were higher than those of
PEG-ASP except for intracranial haemorrhage. In immune system,anaphylactic reaction was a medium signal for L-ASP but was a
strong signal for PEG-ASP. In metabolism and nutritional diseases,except for tumor lysis syndrome,IC values of other signals of
L-ASP were higher than those of PEG-ASP. The results of time scanning spectrum showed that the signals of necrotic pancreatitis
and coagulation disorder of PEG-ASP were stable,while the signals of venoocclusive liver disease and hypersensitivity were
unstable and needed to be observed;above four signals of L-ASP were stable signals. When using PEG-ASP or L-ASP clinically,
close attention should be paid to the safety problems such as hypersensitivity, coagulation disorder, thrombosis, necrotic
pancreatitis,venoocclusive liver disease and hypoproteinemia.
KEYWORDS Pegaspargase;L-asparaginase;Adverse event;Drug safety;Mining;FDA adverse event reporting system
急性淋巴细胞白血病(acute lymphoblastic leuke- 语词典(Medical Dictionary for Drug Regulatory Activi-
mia,ALL)是人类恶性血液病之一,占所有白血病的 ties,MedDRA)的首选术语(preferred term,PT)对药物不
15%左右,占急性白血病的30%~40%;其恶性程度高、 良事件(adverse drug event,ADE)进行编码,于 2004 年
[1]
易复发且预后不良,严重威胁人类健康 。左旋门冬酰 开始对外公布,其ADE原始报告规整程度高,数据均经
[9]
胺酶(L-asparaginase,L-ASP)于 20 世纪 60 年代被发现 结构化处理,可用信息量大 。
并用于白血病等的临床治疗,是改善ALL患者预后的关 1.2 数据处理
键药物之一 [2-3] 。培门冬酶(pegaspargase,PEG-ASP)是 本研究数据提取采用 OpenVigil FDA 工具(http://
L-ASP 与一定数量的活化态聚乙二醇 5000 共价结合而 h2876314.stratoserver.net:8080/OV2/search/),该站点通
制得的酶制剂,于1994年被美国FDA批准上市,于2006 过 对 接 应 用 程 序 接 口(application program interface,
年被 FDA 批准为儿童 ALL 联合化疗的一线药物,并于 API)直接提取 FAERS 数据库中结构化的 ADE 报告信
2009 年被我国批准用于治疗儿童 ALL 。PEG-ASP 最 息,数据提取效率高且准确 。调取FAERS数据库2004
[4]
[10]
早被用于L-ASP过敏患者的二线治疗,近年来在临床中 年1月1日至2020年6月30日发布的ADE报告,限定目
的应用越来越多。L-ASP 和PEG-ASP 在提高ALL患者 标药物通用名为“pegaspargase”“asparaginase”,得到目
[5]
缓解率和改善其预后方面均发挥了重要作用 。 标药物的 ADE 报告。对纳入报告的患者性别、年龄及
有研究指出,L-ASP和PEG-ASP在不良反应方面比 转归情况进行统计分析。
[6]
较差异无统计学意义 ;也有研究指出,二者在ALL患儿 1.3 信号检测方法及评价标准
化疗过程中过敏反应等方面的不良反应比较差异有统 比例失衡测量法是国际上常用的 ADE 信号挖掘方
[7]
计学意义 。在目前多个研究中,关于 PEG-ASP 和 法,分为频数法和贝叶斯法两大类 。本研究采用贝叶
[11]
L-ASP 的安全性对比结果不一 ,仍有待于进一步研究 斯法中的贝叶斯置信区间递进神经网络法(Bayesian
[8]
证实。基于上述原因,本研究通过提取分析来源于真实 confidence propagation neural network,BCPNN)进行信
世界数据的自发呈报数据库——美国 FDA 不良事件报 号挖掘。基于经典的比值失衡测量法的四格表(表 1),
告系统(FDA adverse events reporting system,FAERS)中 计算出信息成分(information component,IC)值 。若
[12]
的相关信息,采用药物警戒领域中的信号挖掘技术对 IC>0,说明怀疑药物与 ADE 之间存在某种联系,且该
PEG-ASP和L-ASP涉及的重点系统信号进行挖掘,比较 值的大小反映怀疑药物与 ADE 之间联系的强弱(值越
二者的安全性差异,以期为其临床安全合理用药提供 大表示此 ADE 与怀疑药物的关联性越强) 。同时,以
[13]
参考。 IC下限(IC-2SD)作为信号检测评价指标,IC-2SD>0
1 资料和方法 即为阳性信号;0<IC-2SD<1.5 为弱信号,1.5≤IC-
1.1 数据来源 2SD<3.0 为中强信号,IC-2SD≥3 为强信号 。本研
[14]
[15]
本研究数据来源于FAERS数据库。FAERS数据库 究的信号生成条件为IC-2SD>0且事件数≥3 ,主要
采用人用药品注册技术国际协调会议(ICH)国际医学用 评价和比较IC-2SD≥1.5的中强及强信号。
中国药房 2021年第32卷第16期 China Pharmacy 2021 Vol. 32 No. 16 ·2013 ·