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(HR),regional cerebral oxygen saturation(rSO2 )were observed in 2 groups. The levels of neuron specific enolase(NSE)and
S100 β protein in serum were measured at T1,T3,6 h after operation (T6 ). The recovery time,intraoperative blood loss,
nitroglycerin amount and the occurrence of ADR were recorded. RESULTS:MAP and HR of group D at T2-T4 were significantly
lower than those at T0;MAP and HR of group C at T2-T4 were significantly higher than those at T0;the group D were significantly
lower than the group C at the same period(P<0.05);there was no statistical significance in rSO2 between 2 groups at T0-T4(P>
0.05). The levels of serum NSE and S100β protein in 2 groups at T3 were significantly higher than at T1;those in 2 groups at T6
were significantly lower than at T3,but those of group D were significantly lower than the group C at T3 (P<0.05);there was no
statistical significance in the levels of serum NSE or S100 β protein between 2 groups at T1 (P>0.05). The recovery time of
anesthesia,the amount of nitroglycerin,the incidence of tachycardia,nausea and vomiting,restlessness,shivering and cough in
group D were significantly shorter or lower than group C(P<0.05);there was no statistical significance in the intraoperative
blood loss between 2 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Dexmedetomidine can maintain the hemodynamic stability of patients
with intracranial aneurysm embolization during the perioperative period,has little effect on rSO2 and brain function,and has good
safety.
KEYWORDS Intracranial aneurysm;Embolization;Dexmedetomidine;Regional cerebral oxygen saturation;Hemodynamics;
Cerebral function;Safety
颅内动脉瘤可诱发神经功能损害及神经内分泌紊 1 资料与方法
乱,从而引发一系列应激反应以刺激机体炎症反应的发 1.1 纳入与排除标准
生,进而损伤血脑屏障,使脑组织发生水肿,暂时性脑缺 纳入标准:(1)经颅脑电子计算机断层扫描、磁共振
氧使水肿的神经元能量供应障碍,最终影响神经元功 成像、全脑血管造影术确诊为颅内动脉瘤;(2)美国麻醉
[1]
能,这是颅内动脉瘤破裂致残、致死的主要原因 。颅内 医师协会(ASA)分级为Ⅰ~Ⅲ级 ;(3)性别不限,年龄
[6]
动脉瘤栓塞术是神经外科应用较为广泛的微创手术,但 45~70 岁;(4)无严重心脏、肺、肝、肾等脏器损伤,可耐
[2]
手术、麻醉导致的应激反应可损伤患者神经元功能 ,因 受手术治疗;(5)自愿参与本次研究,并签署知情同
此如何减少神经元的炎症反应并提高患者的术后恢复 意书。
质量,是目前临床亟需解决的问题。 排除标准:(1)存在精神障碍,治疗过程中无法进行
右美托咪定是一种高选择性的α 2肾上腺素能受体 正常沟通者;(2)术前昏迷、不能配合医师指令完成检查
激动剂,可参与交感神经信号从中枢向外周的传递过 者;(3)合并全身感染、其他部位恶性肿瘤者;(4)有酒
程,具有镇静、镇痛等活性;同时不同于阿片受体激动 精、精神药物依赖史或长期镇静药物使用史者;(5)对本
剂,治疗剂量的右美托咪定无呼吸抑制作用,可通过减 研究所用药物过敏者;(6)休克或严重脱水者;(7)缓慢
少围术期炎症和应激反应,来发挥对患者心、肾、肝等多 心律失常或心动过缓者;(8)哺乳期或妊娠期妇女。
个脏器的保护作用 。有研究发现,围术期予以右美托 1.2 研究对象
[3]
咪定可有效降低患者脑氧代谢率和术后颅内压,改善并 选择 2017 年 6 月-2019 年 8 月湖南中医药大学第
维持脑氧供需平衡状态,促进脑神经功能的恢复 [4-5] 。 一附属医院收治的行颅内动脉瘤栓塞术患者44例,按随
然而,右美托咪定对颅内动脉瘤栓塞术患者局部脑氧饱 机数字表法分为 C 组和 D 组,每组 22 例。两组患者性
和度(rSO2 )、脑功能[S100β蛋白、神经元特异性烯醇化酶 别、年龄、体质量指数、肿瘤直径、ASA 分级等基本资料
(NSE)]的影响鲜有报道。基于此,本研究以 44 例颅内 比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性,详
动脉瘤栓塞术患者为研究对象,通过分析颅内动脉瘤栓 见表1。本研究经湖南中医药大学第一附属医院医学伦
塞术患者 rSO2、S100β蛋白、NSE 水平的动态变化,以评 理会审核批准(伦理批准号HN-LL-KY-2019-015-02)。
价其安全性,并探讨了右美托咪定对患者脑神经功能的 1.3 麻醉方法
保护作用,旨在为提高颅内动脉瘤栓塞术患者的麻醉质 所有患者术前均禁食、禁饮 6~8 h,入室后开放静
量提供参考。 脉通路,常规面罩吸氧,监测患者心电图、心率(HR)、平
表1 两组患者基本资料比较
Tab 1 Comparison of general information of patients between 2 groups
ASA 分级,例
组别 n 年龄(x±s),岁 男性/女性,例 体质量指数(x±s),kg/m 2 肿瘤直径(x±s),mm 手术时间(x±s),min 麻醉时间(x±s),min
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
C 组 22 54.17±8.27 13/9 23.15±5.02 5.69±2.11 12 7 3 119.52±13.88 132.37±15.77
D组 22 55.47±7.89 14/8 24.01±4.97 5.38±2.06 13 7 2 120.03±13.51 134.23±14.75
·866 · China Pharmacy 2021 Vol. 32 No. 7 中国药房 2021年第32卷第7期