Page 43 - 2020年20期
P. 43

猪牙皂的萃取方法研究及萃取成分的GC-MS分析                                                      Δ


              *
                                             #
        邓铋莉 ,董娜娜,王旭兰,罗成月,陈晓兰(贵州中医药大学药学院,贵阳 550025)
        中图分类号 R284.2         文献标志码 A           文章编号 1001-0408(2020)20-2469-04
        DOI  10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2020.20.07

        摘  要   目的:建立猪牙皂的萃取方法并优化,同时分析鉴定萃取物的化学成分。方法:采用CO2超临界流体萃取(SFE)法对猪牙
        皂进行萃取;在单因素试验的基础上,以萃取率为评价指标,萃取温度、萃取压强、萃取时间为考察因素,采用正交试验优化SFE工
        艺并进行验证。采用气质联用技术对萃取物的化学成分进行鉴定,并采用面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量。结果:猪牙
        皂的最优 SFE 萃取工艺为萃取温度 60 ℃、萃取压强 300 MPa、萃取时间 15 min;3 次验证试验的平均萃取率为 1.73%(RSD=
        1.78%,n=3)。共鉴定出猪牙皂萃取物中的48个成分,占萃取物总量的98.31%;其中,有机酸类成分最多,占总成分的36.99%;其次
        是生物碱类成分,占总成分的12.59%;主要成分包括棕榈酸(16.62%)、油酸(14.12%)、N-氨基四氢吡咯(9.79%)、2,6-二甲基辛烷-1,
        7-二烯-3-醇(5.95%)、四氢吡喃(3.83%)、香兰素(3.39%)等。结论:成功建立猪牙皂萃取的SFE法,萃取物主要为有机酸类成分。
        关键词 猪牙皂;CO2超临界流体萃取法;单因素试验;正交试验;气质联用技术
        Study on the Extraction Technology of Fructus Gleditisae Abnormalis and GC-MS Analysis of Extracted
        Components
        DENG Bili,DONG Nana,WANG Xulan,LUO Chengyue,CHEN Xiaolan(College of Pharmacy,Guizhou
        University of TCM,Guiyang 550025,China)

        ABSTRACT   OBJECTIVE:To establish and optimize a extraction method of Fructus Gleditsiae Abnormallis,and to analyze and

        identify chemical components of the extract simultaneously. METHODS:Fructus Gleditsiae Abnormallis was extracted with CO2
        supercritical fluid extraction(SFE)method. Based on single factor tests,using extraction yield as index,extraction temperature,
        extraction pressure and extraction time as investigation factors,SFE technology was optimized with orthogonal test,and validation
        test was performed. Chemical components in the extract were identified by GC-MS. Relative percentage of each component was
        calculated with area normalization method. RESULTS:The optimal SFE extraction technology of Fructus Gleditsiae Abnormallis
        was extraction temperature of 60 ℃,extraction pressure of 300 MPa and pression time of 15 min. Average extraction of 3 times of
        validation tests was 1.73% (RSD=1.78% ,n=3). The 48 components in the extracts of Fructus Gleditsiae Abnormallis were
        identified,which accounted for 98.31% of the total amount of the extracts. The extracts of Fructus Gleditisae Abnormalis mainly
        included organic acids,accounting for 36.99%,followed by alkaloids,accounting for 12.59% in total. Main components were
        palmitic acid(16.62%),oleic acid(14.12%),N-aminotetrahydropyrrole(9.79%),2,6-dimethyloctane-1,7-dien-3-ol(5.95%),
        tetrahydropyran(3.83%),vanillin(3.39%),etc. CONCLUSIONS:SFE method of Fructus Gleditisae Abnormalis is established
        successfully,and the extract is mainly organic acids.
        KEYWORDS    Fructus Gleditisae Abnormalis;CO2 supercritical fluid extraction;Single factor test;Orthogonal test;GC-MS


            猪牙皂 Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis 是豆科植物皂       猪牙皂对脑中风后遗症尤其是脑缺血后遗症、高血脂后
        荚 Gleditsia sinensis Lam.的干燥不育果实,具有祛痰开             遗症有显著疗效        [2-4] 。通过文献 [5-8] 调研发现,近年来,学
                         [1]
        窍、消肿散结的功效 。在临床上,单用猪牙皂可治疗脑                          者对于猪牙皂的研究大多集中在其皂苷类、多糖类等极
        中风后遗症昏迷不醒、中风口噤、关窍不通等症,配以鹅                          性较大的物质,而其中极性较小的成分则鲜有报道,根
        不食草和细辛制成通关散可治疗痰浊阻窍所致的气闭                            据该药在临床上吹鼻取嚏的使用方法,判断其小极性成
                                   [1]
        神昏、牙关紧闭、不省人事等症 。现代药理研究发现,                          分有一定的药理活性,故本试验欲提取猪牙皂中小极性
           Δ 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.81860705);贵州省            成分。CO2 超临界流体萃取(SFE)法是一种萃取速度
        一流学科(中药学)建设项目(No.GNYL〔2017〕008号);贵阳中医学院            快、萃取效率高的萃取方法            [9-13] ,CO2超临界流体兼有气
        一流专业(中药学)大学生创新创业训练计划项目(No.贵中医一流专                   体、液体双重特性,溶解能力强,流动性、传递性良好;该
        业大创合字〔2017〕158号)                                   法萃取过程易调节、能耗低,不仅能萃取出挥发性物
           *硕士研究生。研究方向:中药、民族药药物新制剂及新剂型。
                                                           质,一些极性小且不易挥发的化学成分也能被萃取出
        E-mail:1741798763@qq.com
                                                           来  [14-16] 。基于此,本研究采用 SFE 法对猪牙皂中的化学
           # 通信作者:教授,硕士生导师,博士。研究方向:中药、民族药药
                                                           成分进行萃取,并对萃取工艺进行优化,再采用气质联
        物新制剂及新剂型。电话:0851-88233004。E-mail:chenxiaolan76@
        126.com                                            用技术(GC-MS)分析萃取物中的化学成分及其含量,旨

        中国药房    2020年第31卷第20期                                            China Pharmacy 2020 Vol. 31 No. 20  ·2469 ·
   38   39   40   41   42   43   44   45   46   47   48