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麻黄非生物碱部位抗过敏性哮喘活性组分的化学成分分析 Δ

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靳京妹 ，于大永 ，侯 滔 ，张秀莉 ，史丽颖 （1.大连大学生命科学与技术学院，辽宁 大连 116622；2.中国科
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学院大连化学物理研究所，辽宁 大连 116023）
中图分类号 R284.1 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408（2020）09-1068-06
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2020.09.09

摘 要 目的：为阐明麻黄非生物碱部位抗过敏性哮喘的药效物质基础提供参考。方法：麻黄用85％乙醇提取、正庚烷萃取后经
固相萃取（填料为AC18 ）前处理，对麻黄提取物进行非生物碱部位富集，并采用高效液相色谱法经Unitary C18柱和Eclipse XDB-C18
色谱柱进行麻黄非生物碱类组分制备。以HT-29细胞中高表达的G蛋白偶联受体35（GPR35受体）为靶标、GPR35受体激动剂敏
喘宁（1 μmol/L）为阳性对照、动态质量重置（DMR）响应值为检测指标，通过无标记细胞整合药理学方法考察各组分（质量浓度均
为100 μg/mL）对GPR35受体的激动活性和脱敏活性，以筛选抗过敏性哮喘的活性组分。应用高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱
（HPLC-Q-TOF-MS）技术对活性组分的化学成分进行鉴定。结果：麻黄非生物碱部位主要分为固相萃取前处理的沉淀部分和
95％甲醇洗脱部分，从上述两部分中共富集得到了 20 个组分。其中，沉淀部分中组分 F1.5～F1.10 及 95％甲醇洗脱部分中组分
F2.5～F2.10对GPR35受体有较强的激动活性，同时对GPR35受体激动剂敏喘宁显示出了较强的脱敏活性；并且沉淀部分中组分
F1.5～F1.10在HT-29细胞上引起的DMR响应信号强度甚至超过了阳性对照药敏喘宁。经HPLC-Q-TOF-MS分析，共从活性组分
中鉴定出了24个化合物，其中黄酮类14个、挥发油类2个、有机羧酸类7个、蒽醌类1个。结论：麻黄非生物碱部位主要以黄酮类
成分为主，其具有一定的抗过敏性哮喘活性。
关键词 麻黄；非生物碱部位；G蛋白偶联受体35；过敏性哮喘；化学成分；鉴定

Analysis of Chemical Components of Anti-allergic Asthma Active Fractions in Alkaloids-free Part of
Ephedrae Herba
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JIN Jingmei ，YU Dayong ，HOU Tao ，ZHANG Xiuli ，SHI Liying （1.School of Life Sciences and
Biotechnology，Dalian University，Liaoning Dalian 116622，China；2.Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics，
Chinese Academy of Sciences，Liaoning Dalian 116023，China）
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE：To provide reference for elucidating the anti-allergic asthma constituents in alkaloids-free part of
Ephedrae Herba. METHODS：Ephedrae Herba was extracted with 85％ ethanol and n-heptane，and then subjected to solid-phase
extraction （filler AC18 ） for pretreatment to enrich alkaloids-free part from the extract of Ephedrae Herba. HPLC method was
adopted，and alkaloids-free fractions of Ephedrae Herba were performed on Unitary C18 column and Eclipse XDB-C18 column.
Using high expression G protein coupled-receptor 35（GPR35 receptor）in HT-29 cell as target，GPR35 receptor agonist zaprinast
（1 μ mol/L） as positive control，DMR response value as the detection index，the agonistic and desensitizing activity of each
fraction（100 μg/mL）on GPR35 receptor was screened by label-free integrated pharmacological method，so as to screen active
anti-allergic asthma fraction. HPLC-Q-TOF-MS method was used to identify the chemical composition of the selected active
fractions. RESULTS：The alkaloids-free part of Ephedrae Herba was divided into two parts，involving the precipitated part before
solid phase extraction and the 95％ methanol elution part；from them，20 fractions were screened. Among them，the precipitated
fraction F1.5-F1.10 and 95％ methanol eluted fraction F2.5-F2.10 had a strong agonistic activity on GPR35 receptor；at the same
time，GPR35 receptor agonist zaprinast showed a relatively strong desensitization activity. The signal intensity of DMR induced by
F1.5-F1.10 in the precipitated part of HT-29 cells was even higher than that of reference drug zaprinast. By HPLC-Q-TOF-MS
analysis，24 chemical components were identified from active fractions，involving 14 flavonoids，2 volatile oils，7 organic
carboxylic acids，1 anthraquinones. CONCLUSIONS：The alkaloid-free part of Ephedrae Herba is mainly flavonoids and has
anti-allergic asthma activity.
KEYWORDS Ephedrae Herba；Alkaloids-free part；G protein coupled-receptor 35；Allergic asthma；Chemical component；
Indentification

麻黄为草麻黄（Ephedra sinica Stapf）、中麻黄（Eph-
Δ 基金项目：辽宁省自然科学基金指导计划项目（No.201602027）
edra intermedia Schrenk et C.A.Mey.）或木贼麻黄（Ephe-
＊硕士研究生。研究方向：天然活性物质。电话：0411-87402107。
dra equisetina Bge.）的干燥草质茎，具有宣肺平喘、发汗
E-mail：jinjingmei666@163.com
# 通信作者：副教授，博士。研究方向：天然活性物质。电话： 解表、利水消肿等功效 [1-2] 。研究表明，麻黄中主要含有
0411-87402107。E-mail：shiliying@dlu.edu.cn 生物碱类、黄酮类、挥发油类、有机酚酸类和糖类等成

·1068 · China Pharmacy 2020 Vol. 31 No. 9 中国药房 2020年第31卷第9期